1 0f IN 01 A.
2 The * unrecorded Persian invasion .*
3 E.imdoo’e death civil war again ensued, and his general, Partab Chand,
4 a Sisodia, seized the throne. He refused the Persian tribute and Nau-
5 shirwan’s ambassador returned empty-handed,1 so Persian troops invaded
6 MultSn and the Punjab. Partdb Chand submitted and paid the annual
7 tribute thenceforth without demur. After his death each of his
8 generals seized a province. Of these Anand Deo, a Bais Rajput, was the
9 most powerful, but his power did not extend apparently over the Punjab.2
10 He lived in the era of Khusrau Parvis2 and died after a reign of 16 years.
11 At this time, says Parish ta, a Hindu, named Maldeo, collected a force in
12 the Doab and seized Delhi and Kfenauj, but he left no son fit to succeed
13 him and civil war ensued everywhere on his death. After him no single
14 raj A ruled over India, and Mahmud of Ghazni found it divided thus : —
15 Kanauj, held by Kuwar Rii.
16 Mfrath, held by Hardat Rdi.
17 Mahavan,1 held by Gulchandr Rii.
18 Lahore, held by Jaipal, son of Hatpal.
19 In 1079 Ibrahim bin Mas&’ud I Ghaznavi having extended his
20 conquests, to Ajudhau (now Pab Patman) returned to Rudpal — a fort on
21 the summit of a steep hill. Thence he mai'ched to Dera, whose inhabi¬
22 tants had originally come from Khorassan, having been banished thence
23 for frequent rebellions. They had formed themselves into a small
24 independent state, and, cut off by nearly impassable mountains from
25 intercourse with their neighbours, had preserved their ancient customs
26 and rites, by not intermarrying with any other people. Dera was well
27 fortified and remarkable for a fine fort about a parasang and a half in
28 circumference. The Muhammadans took it and carried off 100,000
29 persons into captivity.6
30 This closes Farishta'e account, but in this connection Mr. Vincent
31 Smith may he quoted. After the decay of the Kushan power, as he
32 points out, coins of Vasudeva continued to be struck long after he had
33 passed away, and ultimately present the royal figure clad in the garb of
34 Persia and manifestly imitated from the effigy of Sapor (ShahpuT I), the
35 Sassanian monarch who ruled Persia from 238 to 269 A. D. Bahram
36 (Varahr&n) II is also known to have conducted a campaign, in Si's tan
37 between 277 and 29 t; and ‘ two great paramount dynasties, the Kushan
38 in Northern India and the Andhra in the Deccan tableland, disappear
39 together almost at the moment when the Arsakidan dynasty of Persia was
40 superseded by the Sassanian. It is impossible to avoid hazarding the
41 conjecture that the three events were in some way connected, and that
42 the Persianizing of the Kushan coinage of Northern India should be
43 *Acc. E31 A. D. , , „
44 15 Malcolm says that the emperors of India aud China courted hTauslnrwfirrs friendship,
45 and he describes the magnificent presents sent by the former (op. cit 144). The
46 tribute was, however, refused to his unworthy successor (p. 151), NausMrwan's power, it
47 is implied, only extended to the Indus (p. 150).
48 3A.D. 591*628. . T Cf , .
49 According to the Raghumnsa Raghu carried his arms into Persia : Indian Shipping ,
50 p 65
51 4Malidvan, says Briggs, is supposed to be a village op the left bank of the Jumna about
52 10 miles below Mathra. Ofilchandr must be the ‘ Kool Chand/ R£j& of Mahavau, attacked
53 by Mahmfid of Ghazni in or about 1017 A. D. : Briggs* op, c(t.9 p. 58.
54 6 Briggs* I, pp. 139-40.