1 THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PUNJAUB. 107
2 encourage, the transit of traffic through his do-
3 mains.*
4 The revenue is in too many instances collected
5 vi et armis, and sometimes falls short of the amount
6 estimated above; for the tribes residing in the
7 vicinity of the mountains, especially those called
8 the Yousuffzyes (who have never been properly
9 and entirely subdued), often succeed in resisting
10 payment by flying to their fastnesses, carrying
11 with them everything of the smallest value, and
12 there defying the pursuit of the soldiery. As a
13 consequence of a frequent deficiency of revenue,
14 arrears and irregularity distinguish the adjust-
15 ment of the accounts in every department of the
16 state.
17 The exercise by the chiefs of the office of judge
18 in all civil and criminal cases dispenses with the
19 establishment of regular courts of law. Custom
20 and caprice, therefore, are substituted for the ler
21 scripta, and much injustice is necessarily the re-
22 sult. As there is a strong disinclination to inflict
23 capital punishment, crimes and trespasses are
24 generally atoned for by fines, levied according to
25 the means of the offender, whose property is
26 attacked, and his family placed under restraint to
27 enforce payment. The adoption of this mode of
28 chastisement is preferred by the rulers for the
29 * Murray.