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5 Sri Satguru J agjit Singh Ji eLibrary
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7 6 HISTORY OF THE PANJAB,
8 in the Pir Panjal range. The Vishan issues by a subterrancous passage
9 from the Kosab Nug, a small but deep lake in the Pir Panjil, at an clevation
10 of about 12,000 feet above the level of the sea. Here the river gushes out
11 from the foot of the lofty eminence, in a full, strong torrent, and, finding its
12 way through the rocky barrier with which it is surrounded, passes through
13 the picturesque string of lakes in the neighbourhood of Srinagar, draining the
14 lower country and confined by high embankments, which prevent its overflow
15 into the valley. Before entering the Walar Lake, it receives a considerable
16 tributary, the Sindh, which rises in the lofty mountains on the north. The
17 united stream then emerges from the snow-clad hills, by the narrow pass of
18 Baramila, and, washing Mozaffarabad, reaches the boundary of Pugli. The
19 pass forms an outlet for the entire basin of Kashmir. A bridge of seven
20 arches crosses it at Barémil4, and the river is here 420 feet broad. The
21 whole course of the river, from its mouth to the lower end of Bardémuli, is
22 about 180 miles, for seventy of which it is navigable. Two kos below
23 Mozaffarabdd, or 205 miles from its source, it receives, from the north, the
24 Kishanganga, or Hasara, a stream of equal volume, which rises in Bultistén,
25 or Little Tibet. Taking thence its course in a narrow rocky bed and passing
26 Chand Mukh and Dangli, it skirts the territory of Kukhar in Amirpur.
27 Pursuing thence a southerly direction, it leaves the mountains, after a course
28 of 255 miles from its source, and emerges into the plains of the Panjab, near
29 Ohindas, a very great stream. From this point it becomes navigable as far
30 as the sea. Higher up, where the river forms the boundary between the
31 Kashmir State and the Hazdr4 and Rawalpindi Districts of the Panjab, it
32 is impracticable, owing to numerous rapids, though timber from Kashmir
33 is floated down in large quantities. Its current, in its course through the
34 hills, is very rapid, the breadth of the river being from one to two hundred
35 yards. At the town of Jhelum the breadth is above 450 feet, which is
36 greater than that of the Indus above Atak. Below Jhelum the river turns
37 to the westward, and, washing Jaldlpuir and Monga, skirts the plains of Bhera
38 and Khushab. Resuming then a southerly direction at Girot and Sahiwal,
39 in the Shahpur District, it enters the flat open country of Jhang, where it is
40 bounded by the bdr, or high uplands of the jungle. Heavy rains subject the
41 river to frequent inundations over the low lands, and the effect of the floods
42 is most beneficial, the soil being enriched by the mud left on its surface and
43 its productive power greatly increased. It finally joins the Chinab in lat.
44 3L°1l’ N., long. 72°12’ E., after a course of 490 miles, and about 100 miles
45 north of Multan. The place of the junction of these rivers is called Trimmd,
46 which is ten miles south of Maghiané.
47 _ The principal towns upon the Jhelum are Kashmir, or Srinagar, Jhelum,
48 Pind Dadan Khan, Bheré, Miani and Shahptr. The joint streams, called
49 the Chinab, or China, receive the Rdvi, twenty-six ios lower down, near
50 Fazilshah and Ahmadpur from the east, and, retaining the name of Chinab,
51 pass four miles and a-half to the west of Multdu, and flow southwards to
52 Uch, where, at Shini Bakri, they are joined by the Ghard, or Sutlej, which
53 latter river at this point includes the waters of the Bids, 58 hos below
54 Multan and 82 below Bahawalpur. From this point to Mithankot, 44 kos
55 further down, where they finally fall into the Indus, these five streams
56 m one take the name Panjnad (five rivers). For some distance the
57 oe Panjnad run almost parallel to each other, until all merge in
58 » the great Indus, which, from the point of confluence majestically takes
59 Wp 2 south-westerly direction. The banks of the Jhelum were the scene of
60 ae a between Alexander the Great and Porus, Nearly opposite, on the
61 twyrat bank, is the modern battlefield of Chilianwal4. The Jhelum abounds
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