1 Similarity of these
2 weapons with the re-
3 hesof prehistoric times
4 found in vazious parts
5 of Europe.
6 Conclusions to be
7 drawn from this co-
8 incidence.
9 Cup-marks on the
10 rocks of the Kumaun
11 lulls.
12 Similar _cup-marks
13 on the rocks of Scot-
14 land and England,
15 Conclusions,
16 _ Discovery of artifi-
17 cinlcirenlar mirks on
18 the rocks of Kangra.
19 Similar discoveries
20 in America and
21 Irduad.
22 TE. nerhieen hills
23 tr mda | rods of
24 Tok te Arngan Prices,
25 Sri Satguru J agjit Singh Ji eLibrary
26 20 HISTORY OF THE PANJAB.
27 mounds of earth, cairns, barrows, cromlechs, dolmens, believed to belong to
28 prehistoric times, are found in many places, and iron arms, arrow-heads, spears
29 and pottery have been also found buried in the ground with the ashes of
30 the dead. They are all of Scythian or Turanian pattern, and in their
31 workmanship almost exactly resemble relics of prehistoric times found in
32 various parts of England and Europe. In the Indian Museum in Calcutta
33 there is a collection of stone weapons, chiefly knives, celts and arrow-heads.
34 All these relics of antiquity prove that, at some very remote time, and long
35 before the Aryans had penetrated into India, the country was inhabited by
36 a very ancient race of people who, in their origin, were Turanian or Scythian.
37 These, of course, entered India by a more southerly route, and must not be
38 confounded with the aborigines of the north-west of the Panjab. In the
39 Kumaun hills, rocks have been found covered with “ cup-marks,” or holes
40 scooped out in the face of the rock, varying in size from an inch and a-half
41 to six inches in diameter and in depth from half an inch to one inch. Sir
42 J. Simpson, in his Archaic Sculpturings, notices such cups aud circles
43 found on stones and rocks in Scotland, England and other countries of
44 Europe. According to local tradition, the marks on the Kumaun rocks were
45 the work of godlas (herdsmen). The discovery of these cup-marks on
46 rocks in different tracts of India and Europe has led archeologists to im-
47 portant conclusions. All agree in holding that they are not of natural
48 formation, but are artificial and indicate sculptural design. According to
49 Mr. Rivett-Carnac, who minutely examined these marks in the Kumaun
50 hills, the idea that such remains are the work of the godlas, or herdsmen,
51 prevails equally in Kumaun and Central India, maay hundred miles south.
52 An idea prevails in the Himalayas and many parts of Central India that a
53 goala dynasty, a race of nomads, or “shepherd kings,” held the country
54 before the advent of the Aryan civilization. Mr. Carnac thinks it probable
55 that “these markings are the rude records of a nomadic race which at an
56 early epoch of the world’s history left the Central Asian nursery and,
57 travelling in different directions, have left their traces, in Europe, as in
58 India, of tumuli and rock sculpturings generally to be found in hill countries
59 and inaccessible spots whither, at a later period, they were forced to
60 retreat: before the advance of a more civilized and a more powerful race;
61 the one being what are generally known by the somewhat vague term of
62 Scythians, or shepherd kings, and the other the Aryans, descended from the
63 same parent stock and who, later, were forced by the necessities of increasing
64 numbers to emigrate from the common central Asian home to explore and
65 conquer the rich countries far to the west and south.”
66 My. Campbell found artificial circular marks, as indicated above, on the
67 rocks of Kéngra in the Panjib. Dr. A. M. Verchere found small holes or
68 cups in large boulders between Jubbi and Nikki on the Indus. Dr. Charles
69 Race made similar discoveries in America and in Ireland. These markings,
70 of a type common to both Europe and diverse parts of India, unmistakably
71 point to those countries haying. i : : Sens
72 , aving, In ages gone by, been inhabited by a primi-
73 tive race of men, one section of which went west, the other south in search of
74 Sree on pastures, 5 an other words, they show that a race of nomadic
75 »W a very ear . - . :
76 fate the Patch and Tad oe swept over Northern Europe, penetrated
77 Rha ie eciar tribes seem to have a tradition of their ancient
78 “Till lately.” ear ern hills, regarded by them as the gods of their race.
79 ely,” observes the learned Dr, Hunter, “the Gonds buried their dead
80 with the feet turned nort} i i
81 : nwards : rb age , '
82 ancient home in the north.” Sree rer ner ener
83 NamdhariElibrary@ gmail.com