1 Affinity of words
2 in languiges spoken
3 in the Enst and the
4 West.
5 Words common in
6 the Iamrunges of the
7 East and West.
8 26 HISTORY OF THE PANJAB.
9 The mutual relationship of the Aryan, Greek, Latin, Letto-Sclavonian,
10 Germanic and Celtic languages proves, beyond doubt, the affinity of the
11 nations who speak them. The words are our common inheritance, the relics
12 of antiquity, descended to us from our forefathers in ages gone by; and, as
13 coins help usin deciphering the landmarks of ancient history, so do languages
14 and the words which, like coins, we exchange in our daily avocations and the
15 necessary intercourse of life.
16 We have all a common fund of words for the members of the family, for
17 cattle, carts, wagons, boats, implements of husbandry, metals, vessels, tools
18 and weapons. ‘The close resemblance of even modern Indian languages to
19 those of the West is, in some instances, striking. Thus, we recognise, in the
20 Persian word Panjdb (the five rivers) the évre of the Greek, the aber
21 of modern Welsh; in dodb (space between two rivers) the Greek sto, or
22 the Latin duo andthe same in Welsh. In réjd, Sanskrit, the Latin rex; in
23 badndm, Persian, the bad name of English, almost without change. The
24 warm of English is the waram of old German, werm of old Dutch, formus
25 of old Latin, Ozppoe of Greek, garm of Persian and gharma of Sanskrit.
26 Father, Euglish, is féder in Gothic, vader in Dutch, vater German, pater
27 Latin, zarhp Greek, padar Persian, pita Sanskrit, bép Urdu. For mother,
28 English, we have the Icelandic méther, Danish and Swedish moder, old
29 Germanic muotar, muatar, Latin mater, Sanskrit mdid, Persian, mddar,
30 old Sclavonic mati, Russian maty, Irish mathaig, Italian, Spanish and
31 Portuguese madre, French mere, and Urdu mdén. The case is the same with
32 brother, sister and many other words commonly used in daily life. The
33 English word widow is derived from two Sanskrit words, v2 and dhdva
34 (vidhdua), vi meaning without and dhdva meaning husband. It is in Ger-
35 mau wedewe, wituwa, witawa, witwd; Prussian widdewa, Latin vidwa,
36 from vidwus, bereft of a husband. Similarly, the word daughter is derived
37 from the Sanskrit word duwhitrt, meaning a ‘milkmaid, that being the
38 special part of the domestic economy which fell to the share of a daughter
39 among the early Aryans. In Dutch it is dogter, dochter, Icelandic dottir,
40 Swedish dotter and dattt:, Gothic dawhtar, Persian dukhiar. The close
41 similarity between the Dutch and Persian words is most striking. The
42 Indian deva, the bright one, from div, to shine, is the Latin deitas, from
43 oe pare ae gee ones to a deity, Lithuanian dewas, French
44 Zeus (dyaus) of the "Grecia pen hed eee intr Psa Rsctits
45 re eee ace an he upiter (dyauspitar) of the Romans.
46 mploy cognate words for the processes of household industry and do-
47 mestic economy. Sewing, fastening together with a needle and thread, is
48 in Urdu sina and in Latin suere. There are cognate terms for the di isi
49 of the year according to the moon, the el guate terms for the divisions
50 5 : elementary numbers, yards, gardens,
51 citadels gods myths sacrifices and custom ivi i gyp i
52 ’ ’ ’ s. The Osiris and Isis of Egyptian
53 mythology are the Iswira aud [sax of th i \'4 i L :
54 ne v ; rai : 4 € Hindus, and \ hat is Mitra in the
55 rearg m Avesta, T ‘
56 the upper air, is the Owranos of the Greeks, ae en Sabnae vas
57 ¢ er al ( The Iréni “ety i
58 evil spirits, is the Indian Vritrg, gant eee
59 aes sens this matual relationship - words spoken by nations sepa-
60 4 rom one another prove? It proves tw ings:
61 te : 2 wo things:
62 fs ae Ae oe wae aie and use these words have a pees
63 g inents 0 i
64 fone Gee Thee Europe and Asia, that they have sprung
65 . é Greek, the Latin and the Teutonic languages
66 : “There is not an English j ”
67 2 rexaminins the hoary documents of. Hie pao cat gece eer la eee nod
68 ales : wo j i
69 & raitimate relationship between Hindu, Greek a Doce me SIM Of en comanencdeeceny
70 Sri Satguru J agjit Singh J i eLibrary NamdhariElibrary@ gmail.com