1 * Azim Khan succeeds
2 Afzul Khan to the
3 Kabul throne, 1867,
4 He is defeated by
5 Sher Ali, who ascends
6 the throne, 1868.
7 The Black Mountain
8 Expedition, 1868.
9 The law of hereditary
10 occupancy in land de-
11 fined, 1868,
12 _ The Panjab Univer-
13 aa established,
14 The constituti
15 the Senate, ABEL OE
16 590 _ HISTORY OF THE PANJAB,
17 26th of January, Kandahdr, the western capital of Afghanistén, came into
18 the_possession of the victors.
19 Muhammad Afzul Khan lost no time in announcing to the British
20 Government the important success he had achieved. Sir John Lawrence, in
21 reply, congratulated His Highness the Amir Muhammad Afzul Khan, Wali
22 of Kdébul and Kandahér, upon an event which seemed likely to bring about
23 peace and the establishment of a strong government. At the same time
24 the Governor-General frankly intimated that he personally felt pity for the
25 broken fortunes of Sher Ali Khan, who had given no cause of offence in hig
26 relations with the British Government; and that while, in the pursuance
27 of astrictly neutral policy, His Excellency recognised him (Muhammad Afzul
28 Khan) as the de facto ruler of Kandahar and Kabul, and offered him, as such,
29 the peace and good-will of the British Government, in like manner, so long
30 as Sher Ali Khan should hold Herdt and maintain friendship with the
31 British Government, he would recognise him as ruler of Herat and re-
32 ciprocate his amity.
33 On the Ist of October, 1867, Afzul Khan died, and was succeeded by his
34 brother Muhammad Azim Khan. Meanwhile Sher Ali Khan, who still
35 retained his footing in Herat, not disheartened by his continued ill-success,
36 made active preparations for a renewed attempt on Kdbul, He attacked
37 the Kdbul troops at Panjshahr, and obtained a complete victory on 26th
38 August, 1868. Azim Khan fled to the north, and Sher Ali Khan entered
39 Kébul in triumph on the 8th of September, 1868.
40 In September, 1868, an expedition was undertaken against the tribes
41 occupying the Black Mountain and other hills lying to the north-west of
42 the Panjab, near the locality of the Ambeyla Campaign. MHostilities were
43 ‘commenced by the Hasanzai tribe, who attacked a frontier police station,
44 and as no disposition to submit to the demands of Government for repara-
45 tion was evinced, it was considered necessary to inflict chastisement. An
46 expedition was organized under General Wylde, and the British troops
47 having advanced to Oghi in October, several engagements took place, in
48 which the tribes were uniformly routed and many of their villages destroyed. .
49 The chiefs of the tribes, finding further resistance hopeless, tendered their
50 submission, and the British troops were withdrawn.
51 The year 1868 was also remarkable for the introduction of the first
52 ‘Tenancy Act in the Panjdb (XXVIII of 1868). By this Act the tenures of
53 hereditary occupants of land, which had hitherto been undefined, were
54 legally secured and recognized. Under a settled Government whose assess-
55 ment on land was moderate, the value of land was enhanced, and to prevent
56 friction between the conflicting interests of the landlord’ and the tenant,
57 it was necessary to introduce a law defining ‘the tenant’s status. With the
58 landlord and tenant, each contented in his place and working harmoniously
59 for their mutual advantage, the most beneficial results -for landed property
60 were expected; and the legislation then introduced has since fully realized
61 these hopes. The introduction of the Panjdb Tenancy Act was the last
62 legislative measure of Sir John Lawrence in the Council for regulating laws.
63 This Act was stperseded by Act XVI of 1887.
64 In 1868, the Panjdb Government submitted a proposal to the Supreme
65 Government to establish a university at Lahore. After a considerable corre-
66 spondence, the Supreme Government was pleased to sanction the establish-
67 ment of an institution, to be styled the ‘Lahore University College, with
68 a governing body, or Senate, consisting of the Lieutenant-Governor of the
69 Panjab, President, certain ex-officio members appointed by the Government,
70 Sri Satgutl hegiibaiganakhehiedYby the Lieut amidbaneiiaranie Unealbeonn on the