1 The British Army in-
2 vades Afghanistan by
3 three different routes.
4 Contingents from
5 Native States.
6 Flight of Sher Ali to
7 Afghani-Turkistan.
8 His death at Mazar-i-
9 arif,
10 The treaty of Ganda-
11 mack,
12 Sir Louis Cavagnari
13 appointed British
14 a at the Court of
15 Massacre of the
16 British Embassy at
17 Babul,
18 Yakub Khan deport-
19 ed to India,
20 The second Afghan
21 war, 1880,
22 The march of Sir
23 Frederick Roberts from
24 KAbul to Kandahar,
25 aane tote rout of
26 Soptember, 1880s }] eB,
27 600 HISTORY OF THE PANJAB,
28 ascertained that he had been favouring Russian intrigues, and while an em-
29 bassy from the British Government was refused admission into the country, a
30 Russian mission (under a Russian officer named Stolietoff) was received with
31 marked cordiality. The Amir having acted in direct contravention of an
32 express understanding between him and the British Government, war was
33 declared against him. The British army invaded Afghanistén by three
34 different routes, the Khaibar, the Kuram and the Bolén. The good-will and
35 active loyalty of the Panjab chiefs was shown by their unanimous expression
36 of a desire to assist the Government by every means in their power during
37 the operations. The services of contingents from Patialdé, Bahdwalpur,
38 Nabhé, Jhind, Kapurthala, Faridkot and Néhan, amounting to about 3,000
39 infantry and 1,000 cavalry, with thirteen guns, were accepted by the Govern-
40 ment, and the forces put under the command of Brigadier-General Watson.
41 They were supplied by the Government with the new sniders, and after
42 being carefully instructed in their use, the forces were reviewed at Ldhore
43 on the 17th of December 1878, by the Viceroy, previous to their departure
44 to the front. The contingent of the Bahawdlpur Nawdb was sent to the
45 Dera Ghazi Khan frontier, while those of the other chiefs performed guard
46 and watch duty on the borders of Bannt and the Kohdat Districts, thus
47 relieving the Kuram Division of the British forces of very onerous duties.
48 The conduct of these forces received the commendation of General Watson
49 and other military officers, who had an opportunity of seeing their work
50 and bearing.
51 The British troops succeeded in occupying the passes without much
52 opposition. Sher Ali fled to Afghani-Turkistdn, and entered into negotia-
53 tions with the Russians for that assistance against the British power which
54 General Kaufmann had led him to expect, but he met with disappointment
55 in that quarter, and died of a broken heart at Mazar-i-Sharif. A treaty of
56 alliance was concluded at Gandamack between Yakab Khan, son of the late
57 Amir, and the British Government, by which the British frontier was exten-
58 ded to the further sides of the passes, and it was agreed that a British
59 officer should remain at Kdabul, as the envoy and minister plenipotentiary
60 at the court of the Amir. Sir Louis Cavagnari, formerly Deputy
61 Commissioner of Peshdwar, an officer of great natural force of character
62 and energy, who had for a long time successfully transacted border
63 affairs, being nominated to the office, was sent to Kdbul with a suite
64 and escort. His suite consisted of Mr, W. Jenkyns, of the Bengal Civil
65 Service, distinguished for his linguistic attainments, who was appointed
66 Politica: Assistant at the Kabul court; Lieutenant W. R. P. Hamilton, V.C.,
67 of the Guide Corps, and Doctor A. Kelly, of thesame regiment. The British
68 embassy had been only a few months in Kabul when it was treacherously
69 attacked by the Afghans. The British Resident and his staff were all
70 massacred in cold blood, and the escort was cut down. Yakuib Khan being
71 suspected of complicity or connivance, was deported to India, and a second
72 war became necessary.
73 In April, 1880, Lord Lytton laid down the reins of Government, conse-
74 quently on the defeat of the Conservative ministry in England, and was
75 succeeded by the Marquis of Ripon. In the same year a detachment of
76 British troops was cut to. pieces by the Afghan forces under Ay&ib Khan,
77 between Kandahar and the river Helmund; but General Sir Frederick
78 Roberts, the present Commander-in-Chief, made a brilliant march from
79 Kébul to Kandahar, and near this town totally routed the troops of Ayub
80 Khan, on the Ist of September, 1880. The British were now masters of
81 toeuyaglit Souatiyyebfbvafyhanistdn, but Namtbadblian@namutilcact propose