1 Position of Sang-
2 hala.
3 Conrhtion formed
4 against Alexander by
5 the Panjab tribes.
6 The capture of
7 Soughala
8 The country be-
9 teccn the Bias wid
10 the Ravi.
11 its hing
12 He sultntts to the
13 wed outan hire,
14 Sri Satguru J agjit Singh Ji eLibrary
15 66 HISTORY OF THE PANJAB.
16 places Sanghalé in a direction south-west of Léhore, ata distance of three
17 days’ march. Burnes found the remains of a city answering to Sanghala
18 in the vicinity to the south-east of the modern capital of the Panjab.
19 Mr. Cust, in his Notes on Indian Life says: “The site of this town is not
20 known, but it must have been somewhere in the Bari Doadb;” while Wil-
21 ford identifies it with Kalanaur, in the Gurdaspur District, and Masson
22 with Haripa. The exact site, however, is not clearly known. “Yet there
23 can be no doubt,” observes Mr. Thornton, in his interesting little work
24 on the antiquities of Lahore, “ that Alexander crossed the Ravi in the vicinity
25 of Lahore and must, in all probability, have passed the site of the modern
26 city.”
27 a coalition was now formed against Alexander by the Cathians, the
28 Malli, or people of Mdltén (the Mallisthdn of the Hindus), and the Oxyd-
29 racae (identified with the people of modern Uch), so called by the Greeks
30 from their sharp sightedness. All these three nations were most valiant and
31 skilful in war, and the reputation they enjoyed for bravery only induced
32 Alexander to apply himself the more resolutely to the task of reducing
33 them. The city of Sangh4la is thus described by Arrian. “It was situated
34 on an eminence, though not a very lofty one. An extensive Jake washed
35 it on one side, while the other sides were defended by high walls flanked
36 with strong bastions.” Alexander lost no time in investing the city with
37 his own troops. He posted large bodies of cavalry on the border of the
38 lake. His battering rams shook the walls to their foundations and the
39 Greeks took the town by storm. The weapons employed by the Indians on
40 this occasion were bows and arrows and hand missiles, which had very little
41 effect on their well-disciplined foes well clothed in armour, The consequence,
42 according to Arrian, was that seventeen thousand Indians fell in this battle
43 while seventy thousand of their number were taken prisoners. A vast
44 booty fell into the hands of the victors, including three hundred chariots
45 and five hundred horses. The city of Sanghala was razed to the ground
46 and the conquered territory made over to Porus, the elder, who was present
47 in the action with a levy of five thousand troops. Two other cities,
48 adjoining Sanghald, were deserted by their inhabitants, and five thousand
49 peop poe eiae ae behind were butchered by the Macedonians
50 oe. a e entire country between the Hydraotes (Ravi) and
51 t yphasis (Bids) was reduced. According to Curtius, the country adjoin-
52 ing the river last mentioned was inhabited by a people remarkable for the
53 superior beauty of their person. The writer also praises them for the
54 es of their legislative code and for the excellence of their morals.
55 pone ats by a king named Sophites, who, on the approach of
56 ae ie ee open the gates of his chief city and went out to meet the
57 ) 2 panied by two beautiful youths,-his own sons, and a long
58 procession of nobles. On seeing the conqueror, the Indian king laid at
59 a ee = sy hee insignia, ae with glittering diamonds. The king was
60 ae ong garment with embroidery of gold on a purple ground,
61 which descended to his feet. His sandals were aide of rich Sold Froude
62 studded with pearls and rubies. His ears glittered wi
63 Y , with t ent
64 oo oe uncommon size and of the purest Tae decandey ee
65 = ye vet one of honour and girded on him his sceptre with his
66 pursued his earch to the Hyphenis (ike ae ii aay near
67 L asis (Bids). ing, named Phegeus b
68 . cepts gov one the country bordering on the western bank of thes vee
69 rea - conqueror with magnificent presents. The soul of Alex-
70 as nred at the intelligence which was brought to him daily of the
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