1 PUNJAB. 123
2 any eminence of importance. The declivity of the surface from
3 north-east to south-west is proved beyond question by the course
4 of the rivers, which all descend in that direction. Jacquemont® ¢ voyage, v. 138.
5 considers that the courses of the Sarsouty and Gagra, which,
6 flowing from the Himalaya, are lost in the desert of Bikanir, lie
7 along an elevated tract dividing the basin of the Jumna from that
8 of the Sutlej, and that barometric and other observations prove
9 the plain of the Punjab to be below that of Eastern Hindostan.
10 He thence coftcludes the bed of the Sutlej, in its course through
11 the plain, to be lower than that of the Jumna; that of the Beas
12 lower than that of the Sutlej, and so in succession westward with
13 regard to the beds of the Ravee, the Chenaub, and the Jailum,
14 ’ to the Indus, flowing through the lowest part of this extensive
15 basin.
16 No country of the same extent probably enjoys more largely
17 than the Punjab the means of irrigation, and of inland navigation,
18 by means of its six noble rivers, The most eastern, the Sutlej,*
19 is generally believed to issue from the Jake Rawan Radd,® in 6 Gerard, Koona-
20 Undes, in ‘lat. 30° 59’, long. 81°. Holding a south-westerly J1"465' aeons
21 course of about five hundred miles,f it receives the Beas, below sen) yaks:
22 the confluence of which, taking place near Hurekee, and in lat. also, xv. 339, Her-
23 31° 12’, long. 74° 55’, the united stream is called the Ghara for yur Corner
24 about three hundred miles to the confluence of the Trimab; Sut.
25 thenceforward the aggregate body of water bears the name of the
26 Punjnud for a further distance of about sixty miles to its conflu-
27 ence with the Indus. Next to the Sutlej, westward, is the Beas,{
28 rising in lat. 32° 34’, long. 77° 12’,? and holding a sinuous course 7 Moorcr. Punj.
29 of about two hundred and twenty miles, in general to the south- 2°*™' 1%
30 west, to its confluence with the Sutlej. Farther to the west flows
31 the Ravee,§ the least in the volume of its water, though not in the | Ritter, Erd-
32 kunde Von Asien,
33 ill. 666.
34 * Considered to be the Zadadrus,' Hesidrus, Hesudrus, of the classical * As Res. xr. 38,
35 : a & ” Wilson, Hist. of
36 writers; the Satadru, or Satahrada,? ‘‘the hundred channelled’’ of the Kashmir; Id.
37 Sanscrit. Ariana Antig.195;
38 ‘ ‘ Rennell, 78, 82,
39 + Gerard? considers its length of course to be five hundred and seventy 3 Koonawur, 23.
40 miles, but this appears rather an over-estimate. or ag Rion:
41 er, A
42 t Considered to be the Bibasis, Hyphasis, or Hypasis, of the classical ace; Wilson,
43 writers ;* the Bipasa, or Vipasa, of the Sanscrit. Side atk 105.
44 § Considered to be the Hydraotes,® or Hyarotes, of the classical writers ; kunde Von Asien,
45 ; . : q 6 b _ % 457; Wilson
46 the Iravati of the Sanscrit. It is to this day called Iraotee® by the na A dase Astin, jee
47 tives. 6 Burnes’ Bokh,
48 iil. 124, 307,