1 PUNJAB. 131]
2 usually of forced fruit-trees artificially cultivated,—date,? orange, °Viene, Ghumee,
3 pomegranate, mulberry, apple, fig, peach, apricot, plum, quince, pacar
4 almond, and a few others of less importance. The mango is cul-
5 tivated, but does not attain high perfection except about Mooltan,
6 and deteriorates in proportion to the advance northward.!
7 The zoology of the Punjabis more rich and varied than its
8 botany. No accounts? afford authority for concluding that ele- Vigne, 1. 117.
9 phants exist there in a state of nature, for though Arrian men-
10 tions the hunting of elephants on the banks of the Indus, the
11 animals in question clearly appear to have been some turned loose
12 by the natives in their hasty flight. Tigers lurk in the jungle
13 and forests, and sometimes attain the enormous length of ten
14 feet.4 Lions are not uncommon.’ The other beasts of prey are ‘Burmes, til. 1895
15 7 FP. Von Hugel,
16 panthers, leopards, hyenas, lynxes, wolves, bears, jackals, foxes, 1.130.
17 otters, martins, stoats, and divers other small viverre ; there are Ws ieee,
18 also nilgaus, wild hogs, porcupines, various animals of the deer, ae so Said ‘
19 goat, and antelope species, monkeys and bats, including the large 10; Royle, Bot.
20 and hideous vampyre,” deemed sacred by the natives. Among the ie Von flee”
21 feathered tribes there are pea-fowl, parrots, jungle-fowl (the wild i. 122.
22 stock of our common domestic fowl), pheasants, various kinds of
23 partridges, quails, water-fowl in great number and variety, herons,
24 cranes, pelicans,® eagles, vultures, hawks, magpies, hoopoes, and ° td. i. 203;
25 doves of various kinds. The bulbul, or nightingale of Kashmir, ‘8 #-®)-
26 is inferior in note to that of Europe, but very beautiful. A small
27 species of alligator swarms in the rivers, especially the Jailum, ° Burnes, 1. 49;
28 The porpoise ascends the Indus to a great distance. Among ser- mi
29 pents, the more remarkable are the cobra di capello,' and a ! vigne, t.296;
30 small snake,, the bite of which is almost immediately fatal, 0 160.
31 The rivers abound with fish; the pulla, a delicious species
32 of carp, swarming in the Indus,? forms an important ar- 2 Burnes, ili, 239;
33 ticle of subsistence. Of insects, the silk-worm thrives remark. Seedy |. 160.
34 ably, and produces an article of admirable quality ; bees also
35 produce wax and honey in great abundance and of the finest kind,
36 and this department of husbandry receives great attention, par-
37 ticularly in Kashmir. The more important domestic animals
38 are the camel § (especially in the south) and the buffalo, of which 3 Masson,i. 20;
39 great herds are kept in the neighbourhood of rivers, these animals bees ia
40 being almost of an amphibious nature. Horses are bred ex-
41 tensively, especially in the plain country in the north-east, and
42 receive great attention, the Sikhs being an equestrian people.
43 K 2
44 ! iv. 30.