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2 8. Nayunda or Hajjam, Barber.
3 9. Koombar, Pot-maker.
4 10. Kubbenadavah or Lohar, Iron-smith.
5 11. Badagee or Badayee, Carpenter.
6 12. Ugsala or Sonar, Goldsmith who assays the Coins of the Village.
7 The Potail.or Gowdah is the head man of the village, and his office
8 is hereditary. He has no police authority ; but he settles caste disputes
9 among the ryots, sometimes with but generally without, the aid of a
10 punchayet, and he is the usual channel of communication between the
11 Government and the village community. In some villages there are
12 Governmeni lands assigned to the Potails for their support, and in others
13 there are none. ,So also in particular Districts there are Potails of great
14 consideration and influence, while in others they can hardly be said to
15 rise above the mass of cultivators. The former is generally observable
16 in places remote from the seat of Government, or difficult of access from
17 other causes.
18 The Shanbogue is the Register or Accountant, and in some cases of
19 more villages than one. With hardly an exception they are of the Brah-
20 min caste, and the office is hereditary. In some places they are in the
21 possession of lands rent free ; in others they enjoy them on a Jodee or
22 light assessment ; and in_some few places they.havea fixed money
23 allowance, In all instances there are certain fixed fees payable to ue
24 in money or in kind by the ryots.
25 The Toties are the responsible watchmen of the village and its crops.
26 They are likewise required to act as guides to Government Officers, and
27 travellers of any importance, and in the absence of the Talary have to
28 perform the duties of that official in addition to their own. They are
29 remunerated by lands held free of rent, or on a light assessment. In
30 all disputes about boundaries of villages or fields the evidence of the
31 Toty is looked to as most essential.
32 The Talary is the scout of the village. He traces robbers and
33 thieves, watches the movements of suspicious strangers, and is in fact
34 the police peon to the Potail. He is remunerated by rent-free or Jodee
35 lands, In certain villages there are no Talaries, and in these cases his
36 duties are performed by the Toty.
37 The Neergunty regulates the supply of irrigating water to the wet
38 lands of the village, whether belonging to the Ryots or to the Circar. He
39 has to economize the supply of water in every possible way, and in the