1 so PANJAB CASTES.
2 The Tokhi wero the most proniinpat of nil the Ghilzai triljcs till the Hotak gave rulers
3 to Kandiihar about 1700 A.D. They hoUl the \-alley of the Taruak and the north valley of tl.c
4 Argdmlab, with Kelat-i-Ghilzai a; their principal centre.
5 The Andar occupy nearly the whole of the extensive district of Sh.algar south of GUaziii.
6 With thcui are associated the lliisa Khel Kakar, ivho arc descended ir.>m an Andar woman,
7 and live south and west oi Shalgar. '
8 The Tarakki winter about Kandahar. They are largely nouiad.
9 The Border tribes. — The most impirtant tribes on the Derah I-sniiiil border are. beginning from
10 the south, the Qasrani Biloch and the Usbtaraiii, already described in sections ti83 and 401,
11 the Shirani, and the Mahsiid Waziri. The \Vazi'ri will bo described when I coire to the
12 border tribes of Banuu (section 401").
13 The Shirani have already 1 een mentioned and their origin described in fcction 400. They
14 occupy the country round the Takht-i-Suleinan, bouude<l to the north by the Zarkanni stream
15 and to the south by the U^htarani border, their principal haljitat being the low valleys to
16 the east of the Takht. They are divided into the Shirani proper who hold the greater part
17 of t)ie tract, the Babar of our plains described in section 401, and the small tribes of HaripAl
18 and Jahvani lying to the south of the Shirani proper. They are of melium height, wiry, and
19 active, and wild and manly in their appearance. Their dress consists of a couple of coartC
20 blankets, and their i rincipal occupation is agriculture.
21 403. The Pathan tribes of Bannu. — On the soutliern bonier of the
22 Bannu district, marcliing- with Derah Ismail, we find the Jlarwat and the
23 Niazi, the northernmost of the Indian descendants of Baitan, while further
24 north lie the Waziri and Banniiclii of the great Karlanri seition of Pathans.
25 The migration of the Niazi from Tank across the Salt-ran _;■(>, and how tlie
26 Marwat followed them and drove them across the Kurram, have already
27 been described in section 399. Their ancestor Niazai had three sons, Bahai,
28 Jamal, and Kliiiku. The descendants of the first are no longer distinguish-
29 able ; while the Isa Khel among the Jamal, and the Mushani and Sarhang
30 clans among the Khakn, have overshadowed the other clans and given
31 their names to the most important existing divisions of the tribe. The
32 Isa Khel settled in the south and the Mushani in the north of the country
33 between the Kohat Salt-range and the Indus, while the Sarhang crossed
34 the river,- and after a struggle lasting nearly a century and a half with their
35 quondam allies the Gakkhars and their Jat and Awiin subjects, finally drove
36 the Gakkhars, whose stronghold on the Indus was destroyed by Ahmad
37 Shah in 1 748, eastwards across the Salt-range, and established themselves
38 in Miiinwali.
39 Towards the close of the 13th century^ the ]\Iangal, a tribe of the
40 Kodai Karlilnri, and the Ilanni, an affiliated tribe of Saiyad origin, left
41 their Karlanri home in Birmil, crossed the Sulemans into the Bannu dis-
42 trict, and settled in the valleys of the Kun-am and Gambila rivers. About
43 a century later the Bannuehi, the descendants of Shitak, a Kakai Karlanri
44 by his wife Mussammilt Bannu, who with their Daur kinsmen then held
45 the hills lying east of the Kho.st range in the angle between the Kohat
46 and Bannu districts, with their head-quarters at Shawal, were driven fi'om
47 their homes by the Waziri, and, sweeping down the Kurram valley, drove
48 the Blangal and Hanni back again into the mountains of Kohat and Kurram
49 where they still dwell, and occupied the country between the Kurram and
50 Tochi rivers which thev now hold in the north-western corner of the district.
51 ' The figures for Biloch include 351 Andar in this district, who returned tliemselves as
52 Biloch Andar.
53 - The Kalid-i- Afghdni says that they held Lakkl and were dri\ en out across the i-iver by
54 the Khatak. This seems improbable.
55 3 The Knlid-i-AJghdni ti.xes this date at the middle of the 12th century, and that of the
56 Bannuehi invasion at about 1,300 A.D,