1 9a PANJAB CASTES.
2 plain in the north and ueutre of the district, and established their rule over
3 the whole of the distriet, then known as the kingdom of Pakhli.' I have
4 already related how, about the middle of the 1 (3th century, the Dilazak were
5 driven out of Peshawar across the Indus, and were presently followed ))y the
6 representatives of the old Gaudhari, the present inhabitants of Swat and Buner
7 and the mountains north and east of Peshawar. As the Afghans who had
8 possessed themselves of the trans-Indus tract opposite the Haziu-a Dislriet
9 increased in nmnbers and extended their rule, successive bands of the old
10 inhabitants crossed the river and settled in Hazara. About the end of the
11 17 th century 2 a Saiyad named Jalal Baba, ancestor of the famous Saiyads of
12 Kagau, came with "^ a heterogeneous following from Swat, drove out the
13 Karlagh, and appropriated the northern half of the district, including the
14 valley of Kangar. About the same time the Tanaoli crossed the river and
15 occupied the hill country between Abbottabad and the river, now known by
16 their name as Tanawal ; while the Jadiin came over from their original seat
17 between Peshawar and Hazara and possessed themselves of the tract south of
18 Abbottabad, the Tarin drove out or subjected the Gujar families of the Hazara
19 plain, and the Utmanzai, called across the Indus by the Giijars as allies,
20 appropriated the Gandgarh tract along the bank of the river from Torbela to
21 the boundary of the district. During the first 20 years of the 19th century
22 the Durrani lost their hold on the district, something like anarchy prevailed,
23 and the distribution of tribes gradually assumed its present form. This may
24 ■ be broadly described as follows. Afghans hold the country between the
25 Gandgarh range and the Indus, and the plains for some little distance south-
26 east of the janction of the Siran and Dor. Tribes of Indian origin hold the
27 whole south and south-east of the district and the eastern hills as high up as
28 Garhi HabibuUah opposite Muzaffarabad, the Gakkhars holding the south
29 of the tract along both banks of the Haro river, while above them the |-p
30 Dhiinds, Karrals, and Sarraras occupy the hills in the south-eastern corner _ of
31 the district, and the adjoining Haripur plains are held by a mixed population
32 of Awans and Gujars. The remainder of the district, that is the northern
33 and central portion, is held by tribes which, whatever their origin, have by
34 long association become assimilated with the Pathans in language and
35 customs, the Jadiin holding the Dor valley from Bagra upwards to Mangal,
36 the Tanaoli holding the Tanawal tract in the west centre of the district be-
37 tween Abbottaljad and the Indus, much of which belongs to the semi-
38 independent Nawab of Arab, while the Swatis hold the whole mountain
39 countrv north of JMansahra and Garhi Habibullah.
40 The Utmanzai have lieeu alrearlv fully described in the discii^siou of the Pe,aiawar tribes.
41 The Tarkheli is one of the priucipal Utmanzai claus in Hazara, and occupies the Gandgarh
42 country. A few Tarin Afghan--, tir4 cousins of the Abdali, wrested a conslder.able portion of
43 the Hari'puv plains from the Gu.iars early in the 18th century, and still live lliere, but are now
44 few and unimportant. The Mishwanl are descended from a Saiyad father by a Kakar womau,
45 and are allied to the Kakar Pathans. A small number of them came across the Indus with the
46 Utmanzai, to wliom they were attached as retainer-, and now occupy the north-eastern end of the
47 Gandgarh range, about Srikot. With the Utmanzai came also a few Panni, a Kakar sect, who
48 are still settled amnug them.
49 413. Non-Frontier Pathans. — Diu-ing the Lodi and Sur dynasties
50 many Pathans migrated to India, especially doling the reign of Bahlol Lodi
51 ' Major Wace says they were a clan of the Hazara Tuvks. But the Turks who gave their
52 name to tiie district are supposed to have come with Changiz Khan and not with Taimur. Per-
53 haps they were the same men, and have confused the two invaders in their traditions.
54 - This is tho date given approximately by Major Waco. It should perhaps be put a century
55 earlier.