1 JAT, RAJPUT, AND ALLIED CASTES. 109
2 while in the Salt-range Tract the meaning is but little more precise. Beyond
3 the Indus, Jat or Hindki includes both Rajputs and Awans, and indeed all
4 who talk Panjabi rather than Pashto. In the Salt-range Tract, however, the
5 higher Rajput tribes, such as Janjua, are carefully excluded ; and Jat means
6 any Mahomedan cultivator of Hindu origin who is not an Awan, Gakkhar,
7 Pathan, Saiyad, Qureshi, or Rajput. Even there, however, most of the Jat
8 clans are returned as Rajputs also, and the figiu'cs for them will be found
9 fm-ther on when I discuss the Jats of the sub-montane tracts, ilajor Wace
10 writes : —
11 " The real Jat clans of the Rawalpiudi division have a prejudice against the name Jat,
12 "because it is usually applied to camel-drivers, and to the gi'aziers of the bar whom they look
13 " down upon as low fellows. But there is, I think, no doubt that the principal agricultiu'al
14 " tribes whom we cannot class as Rajputs are really of the same race as the Jats of the Lower
15 " Panjib."
16 The Jat in these parts of the country is naturally looked upon as of
17 inferior race, and the position he occupies is very different from that which
18 he holds in the centre and east of the Panjab. Mr. O'Brien gives at page
19 78 of his Multihii Glossary a collection of the most pimgent proverbs on the
20 subject, of which I can only quote one or two : — "Though the Jat grows
21 " refined, he will still use a mat for a pocket-handkerchief." " ^\ji ordinary
22 " man's ribs would break at the laugh of a Jat.'' " "When the Jat is pros-
23 " perous he shuts ujd the jjath (Ijy ploughing it up) : when the Kinir (money-
24 " lender) is prosperous he shuts up the Jat." " A Jat like a wound is better
25 "when bound." " Though a Jat be made of gold, still his hinder parts are of
26 " brass." " The Jat is such a fool that only God can take care of him."
27 The Pathan proverbs are even less complimentaiy. " If a Hindki
28 " cannot do you any harm, he will le.ave a bad smell as he passes you."
29 " Get round a Pathan by coaxing ; but heave a clod at a Hindki." " Though
30 " a Hindki be your right arm, cut it off." " Kill a black Jat rather than
31 a black snake." The Jat of Derah Ghazi is described as " lazy, dirty, and
32 ignorant."
33 429. Jat tribes of tho Western Plains.— Abstract No. 73 on the next page* gives the principal
34 Jat tribes of tlie ^^'e^tern Plains ; that is to say west of Lahore, excluding the trans-Salt-range
35 and the sub-montane tracts. The tiibes may be divided into three groups; the Tahi'm Bbutta,
36 Langah, Chbina, and Siimra lie chiefly westwards of the valley of the Jahlam-Chauab ; the
37 Chhadhar and Sipra lie to the east of that line ; while the Bbatti, Sidl, Punwar, Joya, Dhudbi,
38 Khi'cbi, and Wattu are Rajpiits rather than Jats, and will be discussed when I come to the
39 Bajputs of 'he Western Plains. It must be remembered that these figures are very imperfect, as
40 they merely give the numbers who have returned their tribe as one of those shown in the abstract,
41 and do not include those who have retui'ned only sub-section; of those tribes. The complete
42 figures cannot be obtained till the detailed clan tables are ready. The double columns under
43 Bhutla, Langah, Sumra, Chhadhar and Dhudhi show the numbers who have retui'ned themselves
44 as belonging to these tribes, but as being by caste Jat and Rajpiit respectively.
45 The Tahim (No. 1).— The Tabim claim Arab origin, and to be descended from an An-:ari
46 Quresh called Tami'm. They formerly held much property in the Chiniot tahsil of Jhang, and
47 there were Tahfm Gov"rnors of those parts under the Dehli Emperors. It is said that the Awans
48 have a Tahi'm clan. The Tabim are not wholly agriculturists, and are said not unfrequently to
49 work as butchers and cotton sc\itchers ; or it may be nierely that the butchers and cotton
50 scutchers have a Tabim clan called after the tribe. They are, as far as our figures go, almost
51 confined to Babawalpur and the lower Indus and Chenab in Multiin, lluzafiargarh, and Derah
52 Ghazi Khan. The lluh an Tahim say that their more immediate ancestor Sambhal Shah came to
53 that place some 700 years ago on a marauding expedition, and ruled at Jlulfan for 40 years, after
54 which he was killed and his followers scattered. In bis invasion of India during the latter part
55 of the 14th century, Taimnr encountered his old foes'' the Gctie (Jats), who inhabited the plains
56 " of Tabim," and pursued them into the desert ; and Tod mentions an extinct Rajput tribe which
57 be calls Dahima.