1 112 PANJAB CASTES.
2 The BhUtta (No. 2). — The Blmtta are snid by lU: O'Brien to have h'aditions connecting them
3 with Hindustan, and they claim to be descended from Solar P.ajput^. Tint since the rise to
4 opulence and importance of Pi'rzadah JIurad Balvhsh Bhutta, o) Multan, many of them have
5 taken to calling themselves Fi'rzadahs. One account is that they are emigrants from Bhutan —
6 a story I fear too obviously suggested by the name. They also often practise other crafts, such
7 as r'a'king pottery or weaving, instead of or in addition to agriculture. They are said to have held
8 Uchh (in Babawalpur^ before the Saiyads came there. They are, according to our figures,
9 chiefly found on the lower Indus, Chenab and .Jahlam, in Shahpur, .Jhang, Multan, Muzaffargarh,
10 and Derah Ghazi Khan. In .Ihang most of them have returned themselves as Rajputs. The
11 Bhutta shown scattered over the Eastern Plains are perhaps members of the small Bhutna or
12 Bhutra clan of Malwa Sa,b>. (See also P.uttav, section 436, an 1 Buta, section 438).
13 Tha Langah (No. 3). — Mr. O'Brien thus describes the I angab : — " .\ tribe of agriculturists
14 '' in the Multan and JIuzaffargarh districts. They were originally an Afghan tril>e who came to
15 " Multan from Sivi and Dhadhar for purposes of trade, and eventually settled at Rapri and the
16 "neighbourhood. In the confusion that followed the invasion of Tamerlane Multan became
17 " independent of the throne of Dehli, and the inhabitants chose Sheikh Yusaf, Kureshi, head of
18 "the shrine of Sheikh Babauddin, as Governor. In 1445 A.D., Rai Sahra, Chief of the Langahs,
19 " whose daughter had been married to Sheikh Tusaf, introduced an anned bard of his tribesmen
20 " into the city by night, seized Sheikh Yusaf and sent him to Delhi, and proclaimed himself king
21 " with the title Sultan Kutabuddin. The kings
22 ■' of Multan belonging t ) the Langah tribe are
23 " shown in the margin.
24 Sultan Kutabaddin 1445 to 1460.
25 Sultan Hussain ... 1460 (e.xtent of reign not
26 known ).
27 Sultin Firoz Shah ) r> i. i i
28 f li' IT I, I : Dates not known.
29 Sultan Mahmud )
30 Sultfln Husain ... 1518 to 1526.
31 " The dynasty terminated with the capture
32 " of Multan. after a siege of more than a year
33 "by Shah Hasan Arghnn, Governor of Sindh, in
34 " 1526. For ten days the city was given up to
35 '' plunder and mas-acre, and most of the Langahs were slain. Sultan Husain was made prisoner
36 ''and died shortly after. The Langah dynasty ruled Multan for eighty years, during which time
37 '■ Biloches succeeded in establishing themselves along the Indus from Sitpur to Kot Karor. The
38 •' Langahs of Multan and Muzaffargarh are now very insignificant cultivators.''
39 Farishtah is apparently the authority for their Afghan origin, which is doubtful to say the
40 least. Pirzadah Murad Bakhsh Bhutta of Multan says that the Rlmtta, Langah, Kharral, Harral,
41 and Lak are all Punwar Rajputs by origin. But the Langah are de-cribed by Tod as a clan of the
42 Chaliik or Solani tribe of Agnikula Rajputs, who inhabited Multan and .Taisalmtr and were
43 driven out of the latter by the Bhatti at least 700 years ago. According to our figures the Paujab
44 Langah are almost confined to the lower Indus and Chanalj. Unfortunately we dassfd 2,560
45 Langah who had returned tlieir caste as Langah, under Pathaus. I have added the figures in
46 Abstract Xo. 73.
47 The Chhlna (No. 4).— These I take to be distinct from the Chi'ma Jats of Sialkot and Guj-
48 ranwala, though the two haje certainly been confused in on:' tables. That there are Chhi'iia in
49 Sialkot appears from the fact that the town "'of Jamki in that district was founded by a Chhi'ua
50 .lat who came from Sindh and retained the title of Jam, the Sindbi equivalent for Chaudhri. Yet
51 if the Chhina spread up the Clianab into Sialkot and the neighbouring districts in such large
52 numbers as are sliown for Chi'ma in those districts, it is curious that they should not be found in the
53 intermediate districts through which they must have passed. It is probable tliat the Clihi'na here
54 shown for Gurdaspm', and perhaps those for Fi'rozpm- also, should go with the Chi'ma who are
55 described in section 4U2 among the Jat tribes of the sub-monta:ie tract. These latter seem to trace
56 their origin from Dehli. Tlie Chhi'ua of Derah Ismail Khan are chiefly found in the cis-Indus
57 portion of the district.
58 430. Jat tribes of the Western Plains continued. The SumraiNo. 5.i— Mr. O'Brien
59 describes the Siimra as originally Rajpiits:—" In A. D, 750 tley expelled the first Ar.ab invaders
60 " from Sindh and Multan, and furnished the country with a dynasty which ruled in Multan from
61 "1445 to 1526 A.D., when it was expelled by the Samma, 'another Rajput ti-ibe ; " and Tod
62 describes them as one of the two gi'eat clans Umra and Siimra of ti.i- Soda tribe of Punwar Rajpvxts,
63 who in remote times held all the Rajpiitana deserts, and gave their names to Umrkot and Umra-
64 sumra or the Bhakkar country on the Indus. He identifies the Soda with Alexander's Sogdi, the
65 princes of Dhat. Here again the Sumra seem to have spread, according to oiu- figur, s, far up the
66 Satluj and Chanab into the central districts of the Province. Tie figures for Derah Ismail Khan
67 are probably understated, as there they hold a gi-eat portion of the Leiah thai between the Jhang
68 border and the Indus. Some 2,000 of the Sumra have returned themselves as Rajputs, chiefly in
69 Patiala.
70 The Chhadhar (No. 6%— The Chhadhar are found along the whole length of the Chanab and
71 Ravi valleys, but are far most numerous in Jhang, where they have for the most part retui-ned
72 themselves as Eajpiits. They claim to be descended from Eaja'Tui-, Tiinwar. They say that they