1 JAT, EAJPUT, AND ALLIED CASTES. 135
2 turbulent, Ijut generally with something more of the gentleman about him
3 # p than we find in the more rustic Jat. Abstract No. 79 on the opposite page*
4 136-37. gives the distribution of these tribes.
5 445. The Rajput tribes of the Eastern Plains. The Tunwar (No. 1).— The Tiiuivar,
6 .ilthougli a sub-Jivision of the .ladubarsi, is generally reckoned as one of the 36 rnyal tribes of
7 Rajpvits. It furnished India with the dynasty of Vikramailitya, the beacon of later Hindu
8 chronology, and Dehli with its last Indian riders, Anangpal, the last Tunwar Raja, abdicating iu
9 favoiu' of bis Chauhan grandchild Pirtlii Raj, in whose time the Musaimans conquered North-
10 Western India. An early Anangpal Tunwar founded in 792 A.D. the city of Dchli on the
11 ruins of the ancient Intb'apat, and his dynasty ruled there for three and a half centuries. It is
12 therefore natiu'al that the Tunwar should be found chiefly in the eastern districts of the Province.
13 In Dehli itself, indeed, they are less numerous than might have been expected. But they are
14 exceedingly numerous in Ambala, Hissar, and Sirsa. The name being a famous one, many Raj-
15 puts of various tribes which have no real connection with the Tunwar have returned it. Thus
16 1,200 men in Karual are returned as Chauhan Tiinwar, who are probably Chauhans. So in
17 Rawalpindi 1,939 men are shown as Bhatti Tunwar, though here the confusion is more excusable,
18 being justified by origin though not by modern usage. The figm'es are of course shown twice over
19 in each case. The figures for Tunwar Jats probably represent nothing more than traditional
20 origin. Half the number are in Ourgaou, where there is a considerable settlement of Tunwar
21 Rajputs.
22 The Tvinwar are the westernmost of the great R.ajpiit tribes of the Eastern Punjab. When
23 ejected from Dehli they are said to have settled at Puncb-i in Karnal, on the Ambala border and
24 once the seat of the Pundir, and thence to have spread botli north and south. They now occupy
25 Hariana or the gi'eater part of the Hissar district, and stretch across Karnal and the south of
26 Patiala into the west of the Ambala district, separating the Chauhan and other Rajputs who hold
27 the Jamna districts to the east of them from tl;e great Jat tribes of the Malwa which lie to their
28 west. There is, however, a Cliauhan colony to the north-west of them on the Lowe- Qhaggar ill the
29 Hissar district and P.atiala. The Jatu of Hariana are a Tunwar clan.
30 The Chauhan (No. 2). — The Chauhan is one of the Agnikula tribes and also one of the 36
31 royal families. Tod calls them the most valiant of the whole Riijput race, and to them belonged
32 the last Hindu ruler of Hindustan. Before the seat of their power was moved to Dchli, Ajmer
33 and Sambhar in Jaipur seem to have been their home. After their ejectment from Dehli they are
34 said to have crossed the Jamna to S.ambhal in Muradabad, and there still dwell the genealogists
35 and bards of the Chaulian of the Nardak of Karnal and Ambala. This ti-act, the ancient Kuruk-
36 shetr or battle-field of the Kaui'avas and Pandavas, is still occupied very largely by Rajputs ;
37 in the west Ijy the Tvinwar, themselves descendants of the Pandavas, but for the most part by the
38 Chauhan whose central village is Juudla in Karnal, and who occupy all the country lying im-
39 metliately to the east of the Tunwar tract in Ambala and Karual and the adjoining parts of Patiala,
40 Nabha, and Jind. All this country was held by tlic Pundir Rajputs till the Chauhan came over
41 from Sambhiil under Rtina Har Rai some 20 generations ago, prubably in the time of Bahlol Lodi,
42 and drove the Pundir across the Jamna. The Chaulian appear from oui- figures to be numerous
43 throughout the remaining districts of the Dehli and Hissar divisions and in Gujrauwala, Fi'rozpur,
44 Rawalpindi, and Shahpur. But Chauhan being perhaps tlie most famous name in the Raj[>ut
45 annals, many people who have no title to it have sliown themselves as Chauhan. In Karnal 1,520
46 Pundir, 850 Punwar, 1,200 Tunwar, 6,300 Mandahar, and some 900 of other tribes ha\o shown
47 themselves as Chauhan also. In Shahpm' 6,700 persons are returned as Goiidal Cliauhan, and this
48 accounts for the so-called Chauhans of this disti'ict. The Jat Chauhans, too, are probably for the
49 most part Jat tribes of alleged Chauhan origin. Thus among the Jats, in Giijranwala 2,200 Cliima
50 and nearly 1,000 persons of other Jat tribes, in Firuzpur 600 Joya and 200 Sidliu, and in Jalilam
51 2,000, and in Gujrat 650 Gondal, have returned themselves as Chauhan also, and so in many minor
52 instances. All these figures are shown twice over. The Khichi and Varaich are also Cliauliau
53 clans numerous in tlie Panjab, and have perhaps sometimes returned themselves as Chauhan only.
54 The Chauhan of the Dehli district have taken to widow-marriage, and are no longer recognised by
55 theii- fellow Rajputs. The Chaulian of Gm-giloii have, however, retained their pre-eminent position,
56 and are connected with the Cliaululn family of Ximrana, a small State now subject to Alwar.
57 The Mandahar (No. 3). —The ilandahar are almost confined to the Nardak of Karnal,
58 Ambala and tlie neighbouring portion of Patiala. They are said to have come from Ajudliia to
59 Jind, driving the Chandel and Bra Rajputs who occupied the tract into the Siwiiliks and across
60 the Ghaggar respectively. They then fixed their capital at Kalayit in Patiala, witli minor centres
61 at Safi'dou in Jind and Asandh in Karnal. They lie more or less between the Tunwar and
62 Cliauhan of the tract. But tliey have in more recent times spread down below the Chauhan into
63 the Jamna riverain of the Karnal district, with Gharamida as a local centre. Tliey were settled
64 in these parts before the advent of the Chauhan, and were chastised at Samana in Patiala by Fi'i-qz
65 Shah. The Mandahar, Kandahar, Bargiijar, Saukarwal, and Panihar Rajputs are said to be dgs-
66 tended from Lawa, a son of Ram Chamba, and therefore to be Solar Rajputs ; and in Karnal at