1 JAT, RAJPUT, AND ALLIED CASTES. 149
2 Paajal) together with the Sial, and certainly before the close of the 15th century. They
3 first settled at Jahangi'r on the ludvis, but eventually moved to their present abodes in the
4 Shahpur thai, where they built tlieir chief town of Mitha Tiwaua, The subsequent history of
5 the family is narrated at pages 519 to fiZi of Griffin's Panjdb Chiefs and at pages 40^ of
6 Colonel Davies' Shahpur lleport. The Tiwana resisted the advancing forces of the Sikhs long
7 after the rest of the district had fallen before it. They are now " a half pastoral, half agricul-
8 " tural tnhe, and a fine hardy race of men who make good soldiers, though their good qualities
9 " are sadly marred by a remarkably quarrelsome disposition, which is a source of never-ending
10 '' trouble to themselves and all with whom they are brought in contact."
11 452. The Rajputs of the Western Hills.— I have already described the
12 positiou occupied by Riijpiits iu the Salt-range Tract. The dominant tribes,
13 such as the Janjua, have retained their pride of lineage and their Rajput title.
14 But many of the minor tribes, although probably of Rajput descent, have
15 almost ceased to be known as Rajputs, and are not uufi-ecpiently classed as Jat.
16 Especially the tribes of the Hazai'a, JMurree, and Kahiita hills, though almost
17 certainly Rajputs, are, like the tribes of the Chibhiil and Jammu hills, probably
18 of very impure blood. The tribes of the Salt-range Tract are exceedingly
19 interesting, partly because so little is known about them. The names of many
20 of them end in iU, which almost always denotes that the name is taken from
21 their place of origin^ ; and a little careful local enquiry would probably throw
22 much light on their migrations. The great Janjua tribe appears to be Rathor j
23 and from the fact of the old Bhatti nile which lasted for so long in Kashmir, we
24 should expect the hill tribes, most of whom come from the banks of the Jahlam,
25 to be Bhatti also. But there is perhaps some slight ground for believing that
26 many of them may be Punwar (see Dhund infra) . If these tribes are really
27 descendants of the original Jadubansi Rajputs who fled to the Salt-range after
28 the death of Krishna, they are probably, among the Aiyau inhabitants of the
29 Panjab proper, those who have retained their original territory for the longest
30 period, imless we except the Rajputs of the Kangra hills. The grades and
31 social divisions of the Hill Rajputs are dwelt upon in the section treating of the
32 tribes of the eastern hills. The same sort of classification prevails, though to a
33 much less marked extent, among the western hiUs ; but the Janjua are probably
34 the only one of the tribes now under consideration who can be ranked as Mian
35 150- Sahu or fii-st-class Rajputs. Abstract No. SI on the next page* shows the
36 distribution of these tribes. They are divisible into three groups, roughly
37 an-anged in order from north and west to south and east. First came the
38 tribes of the hills on the right bank of the Jahlam, then the Salt-range tribes,
39 then those of the cis-Jahlam sub-montane, and last of all the Tarars who have
40 been ah-eady discussed as Jats. I had classed as sej)arate castes those persons
41 who returned themselves as Dhiinds and Kahuts, under Nos. 7-i and 103 in
42 Table VIII A. But I have brought those figures into this Abstract alongside
43 of the Dhunds and Kahuts who returned themselves as Rajputs.
44 The figures for these tribes are probably more imperfect than those for
45 any other group of the same importance, at any rate so far as the tribes of the
46 Salt-range are concerned. In that part of the Panjab it has become the
47 fashion to be Qtu'eshi or Mughal or Awan, rather even than Rajput ; and it is
48 certain that very many of these men have retiu'ned themselves as such. Till
49 the detailed clan tables are published the correct figures will not be ascertain-
50 able.
51 453. Rajput tribes of the Murree and Hazara Hills.— The Dhund and Satti (Nos. 1, 2).—
52 The Dhund, Satti, and Ketwal occupy nearly the whole of the lower hills on the right bank of the
53 * This is not so, indeed, iu the case of the Gakkhars, whose clan names all end in dl, and are
54 pure patronymics.