1 MINOR LAND-OWNING AND AGRICULTURAL CASTES. 189
2 eastern portions of Hissar, his place being taken by the Saini in the eastern
3 sub-montane districts, and bv the Arain or Baghban in the remainder of the
4 Pro%'ince. He is almost always a Hindu. j\Iost of the few Malis shown for
5 the western districts were returned as Maliai', the Panjabi form of I\Iali ; and
6 some of them as Phulara or Phulwara (but see section 485 for the inclusion of
7 Maliar under Arain) .
8 The Sainis, who, as I have just explained, are probably a Mali tribe, are
9 said to claim Rajput origin in Jalandhar ; liut Mr. Barkley wiites of the Sainis
10 of that district : " They consider themselves the same as the Malis of the
11 " North-West Provinces, and to be connected with the Arains, though the
12 " latter know nothing of the relationship. They are not found west of the
13 " Chanab, but are numerous in some parts of the Ambala district.'' They
14 appear from our figiu-es to lie all along the foot of the hills between the
15 valleys of the Jamna and Ravi ,but not to have reached the Chanab valley.
16 Both they and the Malis are properly tribes of Hindustan rather than of the
17 Panjab. About 10 per cent, of the Sainis are Sikhs, and the remainder
18 Hindus. In Rawalpindi no fewer than 3,655 Mughals have returned their
19 tribe or clan as Saini ; but it is probable that these have no connection with
20 the caste under discussion, as it would not appear to have penetrated so far
21 westwards. The Sainis of Rupar in Ambala are described " an ill-conditioned
22 set, first-rate cultivators, but refi'actoiy and intriguing."
23 The Malis and Sainis, like aU vegetable growers, occupy a very inferior
24 position among the agricultural castes ; biit of the two the Sainis are probably
25 the higher, as they more often own land or even whole villages, and are less
26 generally mere market gardeners than are the TMalis.
27 The largest of the Mali sTib-divisions are the Phul with 11,646, and the
28 Bhagarti with 15,658 persons. The
29 Sainis do not appear to have returned any
30 large clans except in Hushyarpur, of
31 which district some of the largest clans
32 are shown in the margin, and in Gurdas-
33 pur where 1,5 U Sainis showed their clans
34 as Salahri. Mr. Barkley notes that some
35 of the clans of Arains and of Sainis in
36 Jalandhar bear the same names, and those
37 not always merely names of other and dominant tribes.
38 485. The Arain, Baghban, and Maliar (Caste Nos. 7 and 65). — The
39 word Baghban is the Persian equivalent of the Hindi word Mali, and means
40 simply a gardener. But it is commonly used for the Arain in the west of the
41 Panjab ; and even as far east as Jalandhar there are two villages of the same
42 name, of which the one which is held by Arains is often distinguished bv the
43 addition of Bdghhdndn to its name. Unfortunately the Peshawar di^^sional
44 officer has included those who retui-ned themselves as Arain or Maliar iinder
45 Baghban, and I cannot give separate figures for them. The Baghbans of the
46 Rawalj^indi division are discussed below.
47 The Arains, or as they are called on the Jamna Rains, are probably a
48 true caste in the Satluj valley and throughout the Eastern Plains. But in the
49 western half of the Panjab excepting on the Satluj, the word seems to be used
50 for any market-gardener. Mr. Steedman writes : " Arain, Rain, Baghban,
51 " Mali, and Maliar are in Jhang and Rawalpindi a very mixed body of men,
52 Saim
53 CLANS IN
54 HrSHTABPUE.
55 Boli
56 3,462
57 Alagni . .
58 2,182 j
59 Pawan
60 2.980
61 Mangar ..
62 l,fi92
63 Gaddi
64 2,708
65 Badyal ..
66 1,142
67 Hamarti . .
68 2,506
69 Barayat ..
70 1,120
71 Badwal ...
72 2,226