1 CASTE IN THE PANJAB.
2 tamed; and in any but the n^osfrudLentat; oTn "^^^''T^ '°°^ -^i^"
3 socialist^s dream of equal division ofT.!^l^ f of society it must, like the
4 of itn birth. And frL theToment wSn't^^*^'f''* ^'""^^^
5 ceases to be invariable and inviokbk tlTe^^ . }^^\<^^}^tavy nature of occupation
6 and eoa.munitv of occupation bto'^ ^^rS^'^'^tf T'^'^'^''^ °?'-^
7 tinues. In every community which the SlT -I te antagonism stiU con-
8 of position and distinctions of rank and i^ IS ' T ""tf '^''' ¥^^ ^''^ ^^^^^s
9 tions are governed by two considetat ons "e'cent al^^^^ ^°^ ^''■^^'■"-
10 advances and the ideas of the communUy exC T rf ,^' "^lisation
11 latter IS ever gaining in importan at he e^'enl of'^h^^'^'''^ ^r'^' '^'
12 what a man is, is ever more and more taHn™ , ^^ ^.°™"'' ^^^' question
13 his father was. But in no soc^trtha the 1^!,?^'"'' f ^^' '^'"''^^''^ ^'^^t
14 these two considerations ever whoHy ceased o ol. f ^'* ''''' ^^' '^'^'^ °f
15 the son of the coal-heaver been born fl.Pf^*''^' '"^ °° community has
16 the man who dies a traclTbeeThekHn thr"" ^"r' ?^ *^« '^^'^l^™^ o'
17 statesman ; while in all tl e Von b. J l^^ consideration as he who dies a
18 munities of India Tn vl se ml] t tl^^c'l^Ltr^r-*^ 't''i''' °^- ^he com!
19 no exceptions to this mle but il tbi^V ^^'- '^ ^^' ^'^"'^ developed are
20 bined to preserve in greal'z- in el^v a Jto '^'''^['"^^^^-^i^nces have com-
21 state of society thant^lsewLre f hS LtSi^'of '^'''' f- ""''' '"'^'-'^^
22 a higher degree than in other mode™ nation, To ? ? Occupation, and thus in
23 c'ples of community of blood and PnHv ? '"'''-''' "''^''*"-''^' ^^^ t«'0 prin-
24 difference, a differen^ce of d^ri^^Xr ^"^^ i* - this
25 of an institution ,.hi h has fe 1 onf ! 1 , .^"''' ''' ^""'"^^-^^ *» a later a^e
26 liar to the Hindu mtfon w^ l"l,! ""^t^? '^'^'^ '^-- - -- growth pe^-
27 and call cas^ in India what wecarp'Sn^rlanEt S^LI ''' ''' '^^^
28 sity Tij:Tfzx t:is:^ ^s-i^. ^o. • w of diver.
29 Kshatriya, Vaisva, Sudra, and the MWhcbl "^"^ .^''''"°" '■"*° ^^^^rnan,
30 Sudra, is but a' division i2 the mSsftb^ '' °^t^'^f ^bo is below the
31 artisan, and the menial; and Life m^W T"'r' *'^^ ^^^sbandman, the
32 ed trader for husbandman as the nTeanin^ of Vn" '"'^ ^^."it°* ^^'^'^"^ ^"'^^t'*^*'
33 aLerthe nature of the classificaCfr S'^g^^^^^ did not
34 Farmer, and James Smith n,-<. >nf fiT ^'J^^am Fnest, John King, Edward
35 of Manu. But iTlt^l^^^'^^ ^^t ^1 '''^=^' '' *^^ ^«- -"-
36 sections :U 1-12^ to which I would here X^I^^i'^^''^ in chapter IV,
37 extent unknown to the expeHe^ e of E^rone ''"'^'•^ ^.\' priesfc-ridden to an
38 dominance of one special ocx-upat on Ave abnonn'.r' '"^ f ^dfe ages, the
39 of occupation. The Brahman, who'^^dd at fii^.r^""*^"'' *° "" distinctions
40 which he should be singled ou from alnttt a ""^ "'^""'^^^ '^''''°* ^^
41 exalt his office and to propitiate hTvoS^U^^ ^T ^'^^^^^^^itj, sought to
42 had to fear, by degrading aS other ottafo^^'^^ T ' v!-' *^' "°^^ "^^'^ ^^^
43 ther, as explained iS the s^ectionsTust re ?Sd L'^'fj^'^^'^*'"?^ °^ ^^- ^^'-
44 occupation was to him as a class one of tbV' ?^ P".°"Ple of hereditary
45 V