1 224, PANJAB CASTES.
2 ing of Ulania has just been described. Those wlio returned themselves as
3 such are almost wholly in the Ijahore and Rawalpindi divisions, and 4,139 are
4 in Gurdasjnn- and 1,701 in Gujnit. Mujdwir is the lureditary guardian of a
5 shrine. Oi those returned as suih 2,479 are in Din-ah Ghazi, and are very
6 possibly the attendants of the celebrated shrine of Sakhi Sarwar at Nigaha.
7 Qilzi is the Mahomedan law-doetor who gives opinions on all religious and
8 legal questions. But the descendants of a famous Qiizi often retain the title,
9 and there are several well-lcnown Qazi families. Of our Q;izis 1,725 are in
10 Siiilkot, 512 In Amritsar, and 241 in Gurduspur. In Derah Ghazi t he Qazis
11 are said all to be Awans, and to call themselves Ulama. The Mulla or
12 Maulvi is a doctor of divinity who teaches the jirecepts of the faith. Mulwa-
13 na or Mulana appear to be merely other forms of IMulIa ; all tliese people
14 are returned from the Derajat, Peshawar, and IMultan divisions. Malchduni
15 means the head of a shrine, generally a descendant of the saint who presides
16 over the management ; and the title used to be almost confined to the heads
17 of the more celebrated shrines ; but it is now used by those of smaller shrines
18 also, and by any who claim descent from any saint. Makhdumaua is another
19 form of the same word, or perhaj^s rather denotes the descendants of a
20 Makhdum. In the Derajat Jliiin means any saint or holy man or teacher,
21 but is now often used by the descendants of such persons. Miiina has been
22 discussed iinder Shekh. Mullazadah is of course nothing more than the de-
23 scendant of a Mulla. Under this head of Ulama should probaldy be included
24 the Akhundzfulah and Akhund Khcl. Akhiiiid is a title given to any spiritual
25 chief of renown, and the descendants of these men are known by the above
26 names. Indeed Major Wace says that among the Hazara Pathnns any one
27 who has studied the religious books is called Akhundziidah or Mulla indiffer-
28 ently. Under tlie head Patbiins :!,()6.5 men have shown their tribe as
29 Akhund Khcl; 2,128 in Peshiiwar, 946 in Hazara, 854 in Rawalpindi, and
30 166inBannu. But Mr. Beckett points out that many of these are men
31 who cannot show any claim to the title. " They are mostly Gujars and
32 " Awans, but are slow to admit this, and very often pretend that they are
33 '■ Saiyads. They should not be classed as Mullas or priests, as they perform
34 " no priestly functions. They cultivate land or graze cattle like any other
35 " Pathans, but cling to the title, as it caiTies with it a certain amount of
36 "consideration.'^ I suspect there are very many of those classed in om- tables
37 as Ulama who have no better claim to the title. The popular opinion of the
38 Ulama is expressed in the proverbs quoted at pages 143-4 in the Chapter on
39 Religion.
40 518. The Chlshti (Caste No. 116).— This heading includes two different
41 classes of jieople. The Chishti or Chishtia is an order of Mahomedan faqirs
42 founded by Banda Nawaz who is buiicd at Kalbargah They arc much given
43 to singing, and are generally Shiahs. The Indian Chishtis are also said to be
44 followers of Khwajah Mufn-ul-din of Chisht, who died in 471 Hij and was
45 perhaps the same man as or a disciple of Banda Nawaz. At any rate there
46 are members of the Chishtia order in the Panjab, and these are Chishtia /iz^/z's
47 by reasou of tlieir belonging to that order. But the celebrated Baba Farid of
48 Pak Pattan was a Chishtia faqir j and the descendants of his relations and
49 (.hildren, whether carnal or spiritual, have developed into a caste which is
50 found in the lower Satluj and chiefly in the ]\Iontgomery district, though they
51 would appear to be found in other pai-ts of the Panjab also, and which in
52 many respects much reseuibles the Bodlas next to be described. Of the