1 BILOCH, PATHAN, AND ALLIED RACES. 57
2 but that is accounted for by tbeir seat of Government having been Derah
3 Ismail. Four tribes, the Kulachi, the Jiskaui, the Gashkori, and the Mihrani,
4 the two last of which are comparatively insignificant, are found in Derah
5 Ismail and nowhere else save in jMuzaffargarh, where the first three occur
6 in small numbers. As already stated in section 385, the Jiskani and Kulachi
7 apparently had their origin as tribes in Leiah and Derah Fatah Khan,
8 while the jMihrani were driven there from Derah Ghazi. It would seem
9 probable that the Gashkori either came across the hills in the south of the
10 district, or are a local sub-division of some larger tribe which followed
11 the usiial track along the river. The Korai are Rind; the Gopang and
12 the Dasti are not pure Biloch, but are said to have accompanied the Rind
13 in their wanderings.
14 THE PATHAN (CASTE No. 6).
15 390. Figures and Bibliography for Pathans.— The figures given in Table VIII A., under
16 the head Patliau, almost certainly include many persons whose Psthan origin is to say the least
17 doubtful; while the figures to be discuss h1 in the following pages show that such tribes as
18 Tanaoli, Jaddn, Dilazak, Tajik, Khetrdn, and even JIughals have returned themselves as Pathaus.
19 Major Wace writes : " The tribes in the west and north-west of the Panjab, who during the
20 " last three centuries were ti-equeutly raided upon by Afghans, got into the habit of inventing
21 " histories of Afghan origin as a protection against ill-treatment : " and even where this motive
22 was absent, the eeneral tendeucy to claim kinship with the dominant race would produce
23 the same effect. Moreover the origin of some of the tribes on the Peshawar frontier is doubtful,
24 and their affiliation with the Pathiins incomplete, and thus t'.iey would set up a claim to
25 be Pathan which the true Patban would indignantly repudiate. Mr. Thorburu notices the
26 many .and bitter disputes caused by the preparation of the genealogical trees during the Rannu
27 .Settlement, and the attempts made by Jat clans to be i-ecorded as Pathans. He writes : " A
28 " low-ca^te man born and brought up in a Pathan country, if serving away from bis home,
29 "invariably afii.fes Khan to his name and dubs himself Patban. It goes down if be can talk
30 " Pashto, and bis honour proportion;\lly goes up." Still the great mass of thoe returned a«
31 Pathans are probably really so, and the figures represent very fairly the general distribution
32 of the race.
33 In the second place, it must be remembered that of those who are really Pathan and returned
34 as such, many are not British subjects at all. Such tribes as the Bar Mohmand of the Peshawar
35 frontier, wdio, while essentially independent tribes, bold land within our border, come down
36 in considerable numbers in the winter to cultivate their fields; while in the summer they
37 retreat to their cool valleys in independent territory. So too the very numerous Pamindahs
38 of Derah Ismail only wintir in the Panjab, and the number thus temporarily added to our Pathan
39 population is exceedingly large (fectiou 398). Again, almost the whole of the local trade across
40 the border is in the bands of independent tribes whose members come into oui' districts iu
41 considerable numbers with merchandize of sorts ; while the seasons of drought and distress
42 which preceded the Census drove many of the frontier hill-men into our districts in search of
43 employment, and especially on the Bannu border, and on the Thai road in Kohat and the Swat
44 canal in Peshawar.
45 As for the figures for the sepai-ate tribes, they were classified, not by my central ofiice,
46 but by the Deputy Commissioners of the several frontier districts, at least so far as regards
47 the figures of those districts. Thus far greater accuracy will have been secured than would
48 otherwise have been possible. But the lists of tribes received from some of the districts, on
49 which the selection of tribes for talnilition was based (see Chapter on Tabulation, Book II),
50 were in some instances very imperfect and the classification exceedingly faulty ; tribes of
51 considerable numerical importance iu British Territory being omitted, frontier tribes represented
52 in the Panjab by only a few score of persons being included, and tribes, clans, and septs being
53 mixed up in a perfect cliaos of cross-classification. So too the constant recurrence of the
54 same clan name among the various tribes was a certain source of error. Such names as Daulat
55 Khel, Fi'roz Kbcl, Dsmanzai, and Mahaminadzai recur in many separate tribes ; and where
56 the schedule entry of sub-divisions did not specify the tribe, no certain classitication could
57 be made.
58 The best authorities on the subject of the Pathan nation as a whole are Doru's translation
59 of Niamat UUah's Sislori) of the Afghans (Orieitial Translation Committee, London, IS39),
60 Priestly's translation of the Haiyat-i- Afghani called Afghdnistin and its Inhabitants (Lahorf,
61 1874), El-ph'mstone'a Kabul, und liAlew'i Races of Afyhdnistdn. Bellew's Yiisufzai, Vlowieu't
62 translation of the Kalid-i-Afghdni, and the Settlement Reports of the district* of the uorthei'i