1 BILOCH, PATHAN, AND ALLIED RACES. 63
2 they emigrated en masse to a kindred people on the banks of the Helmand,
3 where they established themselves and foaaded the city which they named
4 Gandhiir after their native capital, and which is now called Kandahar.
5 It is not certain when the Afghans of Ghor moved down into the
6 Kandahar country where the Gandhari colony was settled ; but they probably
7 came as conqueroi-s with the Arab invaders of the 1st century of the Mahome-
8 dan sera. They soon settled as the dominant race in their new homes,
9 intermanied with and converted the Gandhari, and adopted their language j
10 and in course of time the two races became fused together into one nation
11 under the name of Afghans, as distinguished from the neighbouring Pathans
12 of whom I shall presently speak, though the original stock of Ghor still called
13 themselves Ban-i-Israfl to mark the fact that their origin was distinct from
14 that of their Gandhari kinsmen. It is probable that this ti-adition of Jewish
15 origin was little more distinct than is the similar tradition of Norman descent
16 which some of our English families still preserve. Thus the Afghan proper
17 includes, firstly the original Afghans of .Jewish race whose principal tribes are
18 the Tarin, Alidali or Durrani and Shirani, and secondly the descendants of the
19 fugitive Gandhari, who include the Yusufzai, Jfohmand, and other tribes of
20 Pesh/lwar. These lattei" retm-ned about the fii-st half of the loth centxuy of
21 our Eera to their original seat in the Peshawar valley which they had left
22 neaidy ten centuries before ; while the original Afghans remained in Kandahar,
23 where in the middle of the 18th century tliey made themselves rulers of the
24 country since kno\^Ti as Afghanistan, and shortly afterwards moved their
25 capital to Kabul. The tribes that returned to the Peshawar country were
26 given by Ahmad Shah the title of Bar or " upper " Durrani, to distinguish
27 them from the Abdali Dun-ani who remained at Kaudahai".
28 396. I have said that the Gandhari were one of the foui' great divisions
29 of the Paetiyie of Herodotus. The other three nations included under that
30 name were the Aparytce or Afridi', the Satragyddte or Khatak, and the
31 Dadicoe or Dadi, all alike of Indian origin. At the beginning of the Mahome-
32 dan sera the Afridi held all the country of the Safed Koh, the SatragyddsB
33 held the Suleman range and the northern part of the plains between it and the
34 Indus, while the Dadi held modern Sewestan and the country between the
35 Kandahar Province and the Sulemans. These three nations constitute the
36 nucleus of the Pathans proper. But around this nucleus have collected many
37 tribes of foreign origin, such as the Seythic Kakar, the Raiput Waziri, and
38 the many tribes of Turk extraction included in the Karlanri section who came
39 in with Sabuktagin and Taimm* j- and these foreigners have so encroached
40 upon the original territories of the Pactyan nation that the Khatak and Afi'idi
41 now hold but a small portion of the countries which they once occupied, while
42 the Dadi have been practically absorbed by their Kakar invaders. The whole
43 have now become blended into one nation by long association and inter-
44 marriage, the invadere have adopted the Pakhto language, and all alike have
45 accepted Islam and have invented traditions of common descent which express
46 theii- present state of association. The Afridi were nominally converted to
47 Islam by Mahmud of Ghazni ; birt the real conversion of the Pathan tribes
48 dates fi'om the time of Shahab-ul-din Ghori, when Ai-ab apostles with the title
49 The Afridi still caU themselves Aparide. There is no/ in Pashto proper.
50 2 The various account=! given of Karlan's origin all recognise the fact that he was not a PathSn
51 by birth ; and even the affiliation of the Karlanri is doubtful, some classing them as Sarbani aud
52 net Ghurghushti.