1 BILOCH, PATHAN, AND ALLIED RACES. 65
2 on the basis of the tribal classification adopted in Abstract No. 69, and have
3 added below each heading in Abstract No. 70 the serial numbers of the tribes
4 shown in Alistract No. 69 which it may be considered to include, so that the
5 information contained in the fi;;^ures is connected as closely as possible with the
6 grouping of the tribes which I have followed. The figures being tabulated
7 on the spot by a local staff are probably as accurate as the material
8 will permit of. But eiTors must have o.-curred, both from the constant
9 recurrence of the same clan name in different tribes, and from the difliculty
10 pointed out in the following quotation from Jlr. Beckett''s Peshawar Census
11 Report : —
12 "Among Muliamraadans, especially among Afghans, tribes or sections multiply witli genera-
13 "tions; for instance as the descendants increase their branches or sections iutrease with tbeni,
14 "so the mistake wliich has occurred is that, of a few men whose origin was the same, some were
15 " placed under the name of tlie old ancestor of the family, some uuilcr the name of an intermediate
16 ''ance>tor, and others under the namT of a more modern or lower generation. Similarly those
17 <' who sliould Lave been catered under the original branch were shown under numerous branches."
18 398. Pathan tribes of Derah Ismail Klian. — The tribes of our lower
19 frontier belong- almost exclusively to the lineage of Shekh Baitau^, third son
20 of Kais. His descendants in the male line are known as Bitauni, and are
21 comparatively unimportant. But while, in the early part of the Sth centmy,
22 Baitan was livino- in his original home on the western slopes of the Siah-
23 band range of the Ghor mountains, a prince of Persian origin flying
24 before the Arab invaders took refuge with him, and tliere seduced and
25 married his daughter Bibi INIatto. From him are descended the Matti section
26 of the nation, which embraces the Ghilzai, Lodi, and Sarwiini Path;ins. The
27 Ghiizai were the most famous of all the Afghan tribes till the rise of
28 the Durrani power, while the Lodi section gave to Dehli the Lodi and Siir
29 dynasties. The Sarwani never rose to prominence, and are now hardly
30 known in Afghanistan. To the Ghilz;ii and Lodi, and especially to the former,
31 belong almost all the triljes of warrior traders who are included under the term
32 Pawindah, from I'anvindah, the Persian word for a bale of goods or, perhaps
33 more probably, from the same root a.s pomal, a Pashto word for "to graze."^
34 They are almost wholly engaged in the carrying trade between India and
35 Afghiinistan and the Nortliern States of Central Asia, a trade which is almost
36 entirely in their hands. They assemble every autumn in the plains oast of
37 Ghazni, with tlieir families, flocks, herds, and long strings of camels laden with
38 the goods of Bukhara and Kandahar ; and forming enormous caravans, number-
39 ing many thousands, march in military order through the Kakar and Waziu
40 country to the Gonial and Zhob passes through the Sulemans. Entering the
41 Derah Ismail Khan district, they leave their families, flocks, and some two-
42 thirds of their fiohting men in the great g-razino" grounds which lie on either
43 side of the Indus, and while some wander off in search of employment, others pass
44 on with their laden camels and merchandize to Multan, Rajpiitana, Lahore,
45 Amritsar, Dehli, Cawnpore, Bendres, and even Patna. In the spring they
46 again assemble, and return iiy the same route to their homes in the hills about
47 Ghazni and Kelat-i-Ghilz;ii. When the hot weather begins the men, leaving
48 their belongings behind them, move off to Kandahar, Hirat and Bukhara with
49 the Indian and Eui-opean merchandize which they have brought from Hindus-
50 tan. In Octolier they return and prepare to start once more for India.
51 1 Dr. Bellew points out that Baitan has an Indian sound ; while Shekh is the title given,
52 in contradistinction to Saiyad, to Indian converts in Afghanistan. Thus the Ghilzai (the Turk
53 term for swordsman) are probaldy of Tiirk extraction, with Indian and Persian admixtures.
54 - The pronunciation is Powindah. rather than Pawindah,