1 6 TOPOGRAPHY OF THE PUNJAUB.
2 Sikh government, who spent much of his accu-
3 mulated wealth in decorating and improving the
4 locality of his residence. The streets are broad,
5 and the bazaars exceedingly commodious.
6 MozuFFERABAD, at the confluence of thef
7 Jeylum and the Kishengunga, has nothing to
8 recommend it beyond its position. It com-
9 mands the entrance of the Barramala Pass into
10 Kashmir.
11 Kashmir, or Cashmere, better known to
12 English readers under the latter orthography,
13 is beyond the geographical limits of the Pun-
14 jaub, properly so called, but has been included
15 in the territory by conquest since 1819. It was
16 wrested from the Affghans, in whose hands it
17 had remained for seventy years, by the late
18 Bunjeet Singh, and has continued an integral part
19 of the state from that period. Kashmir is situated
20 iii the north of the Punjaub. It may be described
21 as a luxuriant, well-watered valley, surrounded by
22 lofty mountains. The length of the valley is one
23 hundred and twenty miles ; its extreme breadth
24 is seventy-five. The upper part of the river
25 Jeylum runs through the vale of Kashmir, which
26 is likewise watered by several broad and beau-
27 tiful lakes, one of which is twenty miles in length
28 and nine in width. The city of Kashmir, Sira-
29 nuggur (a fortified town), stands upon the banks
30 of the Jeylum, which is navigable both below and