1 PUNJAB. 139
2 “that the whole force, compared with the European standard,
3 was indifferently equipped, the cavalry poorly mounted, aud the
4 artillery ili-harnessed.”
5 There are few main and much-beaten routes in the bares pro-
6 bably because the navigable rivers, and the level and open charac-
7 ter of the country, admit of so many natural and unprepared lines
8 of communication. The main route eastward from Kabool enters
9 the Punjab at Attock, and takes a direction generally south-east
10 to Rawit Pindee, where it divides, one route proceeding to the
11 left by Jailum, the other to the right to Jelalpoor, and subse-
12 quently to Ramnuggur. The Jailum route subdivides at that
13 town, the left-hand branch procééding by Vazeerabad to Amritsir,
14 and beyond that city to Filor, where it crosses the Sutlej into
15 British India: the other takes a more southerly direction, through
16 Ramnuggur to Lahore and Ferozpoor, into the same territory.
17 The British army under Sir John Keane, and also that under
18 General Pollock, returning from Afghanistan, pursued this route,! ' Hough, Narr. of
19 except that for ashort distance they took a collateral road a little pine tiat bes
20 farther to the right, thus avoiding Lahore, to prevent collision mae. pg
21 with the Sikh forces, and to calm the alarm of the Maharaja.
22 Another great route is that from Ferozpoor south-west to
23 Mooltan, and thence into the Daman, west of the Indus. To the
24 north-west of the route from Ferozpoor to Mooltan, and collateral
25 and nearly parallel to it, a much-frequented route follows the
26 Course of the river Ravee. Three routes lead from Lahore,
27 Amritsir, and the surrounding country, to Kashmir, one by
28 Ribursi and the Banihal Pass, another by Bimber and the Pir
29 Panjal Pass, a third by Punch and the Baramula Pass, by which
30 pass there is also a frequented route from Attock. The route
31 from the plain of the Punjab to Bultistan lizs through Kashmir,
32 leaving the valley by the Pass of Bundipur. The most frequented
33 route to Ladakh lies also through Kashmir, which it leaves
34 on the north-east by the Bultul Pass. There is another
35 route to Ladakh by Lahoul and Rapstru.? Cross routes and * aoorer. 1.225.
36 roads of less importance are numerous, but appear in general to
37 be little better than neglected paths or tracts.
38 The Sikh realm has many considerable towns; of these, the
39 most worthy of notice are—Lahore, Amritsir, Kashmir, or Sirina-
40 gur; Mooltan, Peshawer, Dera Ghazee Khan, Dera Ismail Khan,
41 Julinder, Vazeerabad, Leia, Nurpur, Le, Jelum, Jelalpoor, Shoo-