1 94. PANJAB CASTES.
2 only 1,076 as Hindwiil. It is probable that clans were not recorded in the
3 Amb territory where the Hindwal, and indeed the great mass of the Tan^olis
4 dwell. They are an industrious and peaceful race of cultivators ; but their
5 bad faith has given rise to the saying — Tandwali be-qault, " the Tanaoli's word
6 " is naught. '"'
7 415. The Dilazak and Tajik (Caste No. 145). — Acting upon the advice of an
8 educated Extra Assistant Commissioner, a native of Peshawar, I unfortunately
9 took the figures for Tajik and Dilazak together tinder the head Tajik. In reality
10 they are distinct. Of the 2,048 persons entered in my tables as Tajik, 1,519
11 are really Dilazak, and so returned themselves. Besides these there are 1,546
12 Dilazak who have returned themselves as Pathans, of whom 825 are in Rawal-
13 pindi and 695 in Hazara. The origin and early history of the Dilazak have
14 already been noticed in sections 408 and 409. They were the inhabitants of
15 the Peshawar valley before the Pathan invasion, and are apparently of Seythic
16 origin and came into the Panjiib with the .Tats and Katti in the 5th and 6th
17 centuries. They soon became powerful and important and ruled the whole
18 valley as far as the Indus and the foot of the northern hills. In the first half
19 of the 13th century the Yusufzai and Mohmand drove them across the Indus
20 into Chach-Pakhli. But their efforts to regain their lost territories were such
21 a perpetual source of disturbance, that at length Jahangir deported them
22 en masse and distributed them over Hindustan and the Dakhan. Scattered
23 families of them are still to be found along the left bank of the Indus in
24 Hazara and Rawalpindi.
25 The Tajik are apparently the original inhabitants of Persia ; but now-a-
26 days the word is used throughout Afghanistan to denote any Persian-speak- [P.
27 ing people who are not either Saiyad, Afghan, or Hazara ; much as Jat or
28 Hindki is used on the upper Indus to denote the speakers of Panjabi or its
29 dialects. They are described by Dr. Bellew as peaceable, industrious, faithful,
30 and intelligent. In the villages they cultivate, and in the towns they are
31 artisans and traders ; while almost all the clerkly classes of Afghanistan are
32 Tajiks.
33 416. The Hazaras (Caste No. 183).— Besides the 38 Hazaras shown
34 for the Peshawar district in table VIII A., 44 others have returned themselves
35 as Hazara Pathans, of whom 39 are in Kohat. But this ceiiainly does not
36 represent the whole number of Hazaras who were in the Panjab at the
37 time of the Census, and it is probable that most of them have returned
38 themselves as Pathans simply, without specifying any tribe. The Hazaras
39 of Kabul have ah-eady been noticed in section 396. They hold the Parapo-
40 misus of the ancients, extending from Kabul and Grhazni to Hirat, and from
41 Kandahar to Balkh. They are almost certainly Mongol Tartars, and were
42 settled in their present abodes by Changiz Khan. They have now almost
43 wholly lost their Mongol speech, but retain the physical and physiognomic
44 characters of the race, and are " as pure Mongols as when they settled 600
45 " years ago with their families, their flocks, and their worldly possessions.'^
46 They intcrmany only among themselves, and in the interior of their territory
47 are almost wholly independent. They are described at length by Dr. Bellew
48 in Chapter XIII of his Races of Afghanistan. General Cunningham says
49 that in Babar's time the Karluki (? Karlaghi) Hazai-as held the country on
50 both banks of the Sohan in Rawalpindi ; and he refers to them the well-
51 known coins of Sri Hasan Karluki of the liull and horseman type, which he
52 ascribes to the beginning of the 13th century. But the descendants of these