1 162 PANJAB CASTES.
2 Jalilam in the Hazara and Rawalpindi diatricts. Of the three the Dhund are the most northern,
3 being found in the Abljottilbid fahsi'l of Hazara and in the nuthcrn tracts of Rawalpindi,
4 while below them come the Satti. In Hazara I have classed as Dhiind 2,7T6 persons who returned
5 themselves as Andwal, which apijears to be one of the Dhiind clans. They claim to be descendants
6 of Abbas, the paternal ancle of the Prophet ; while another tradition is that their ancestor Takht
7 Khan came with Taimur to Dehli where he settled ; and that his descendant Zorah Khan went
8 to Kahiita in the time of Shah Jah:in, and begat the ancestors of the Jadwal, Dhiind, Sarrara
9 and Tamioli tribes. His son Khaliira or Kulu Rai was sent to Kashmir and married a Kashmiri
10 woman from whom the Dhund are sprung, and a Ketwal woman. From another illegitimate son
11 of his the Satti, who are the bitter enemies of the Dhiind, are said to have sprung ; hnt this the
12 Satti deny and claim descent from no less a person than Nausherwan. These traditions are of
13 course absurd. Kulu Rai is a Hindu name, and one tradition makes him brought up by a Brahman.
14 Major Wace writes of the Dhiind and Karral : " Thii-ty years ago their acquaintance with the
15 " Muhammadan faith was still slight, and though they now know more of it, and are more careful
16 " to observe it, relics of their Hindu faith are still observable in their social habits." This much
17 appears certain, that the Dhiind, Satti, Bib, Chibh, and many others, are all of Hindu origin,
18 all originally occupants of the hills on this part of the Jahlam, and all probably more or less con-
19 nected. I find among the Punwar clans mentioned by Tod, and supposed by him to be extinct,
20 the Dhoonda, Soruteah, Bheeba, Dhiind, Jeebra, and Dhoonta ; and it is not impossible that
21 these tribes may he Punwar clans.
22 The history of these tribes is told at pages 592/?" of Sir Lepel Griffin's Fanjih Chiefs. They
23 wore almost exterminated by the Sikhs in 1837. Colonel Cracroft considers the Dhiind and Satti
24 of Rawalpindi a " treacherous, feeble, and dangerous population," and rendered especially,
25 dangerous by their close connection with the Karral and Dlniiid of Hazara. He says that the
26 Satti are a finer and more vigorous race and less inconstant and volatile than the Dhiind, whose
27 traditional enemies they are. Sir Lepel Griffin remarks that the Dhiind " have ever been a law-
28 less untractable race, but then- courage is not equal to their disposition to do evil." On the other
29 hand Major Wace describes both the Dhiind and Karral as " attached to their homes and fields,
30 " which they cultivate simply and industriously. For the rest their character is crafty and
31 " cowardly." Both tribes broke into open rebellion in 1857, and the Dhiind were severely chastised
32 in Rawalpindi, but left unpunished in Hazara. Mr. Stccdmau says : " The hillmen of Rawalpindi
33 are not of very fine physique. They have a good deal of pride of race, but are rather squaUd in
34 appearance. The rank and file arc poor, holding but little land and depending chiefly on their
35 cattle for a livelihood. They have a gi-eat dislike to leaving the hills, especially in the hot weather,
36 when they go up as high as they can, and descend into the valleys during the cold weather. They
37 stand high in the social scale."
38 The Ketwal (No. 3). — The Ketwal belong to the same group of tribes as the Dhiind and Satti,
39 and hold the hills to the south of the Satti country. They claim descent from Alexander the
40 Great (!) and say that they are far older inhabitants of these hills tlian either the Dhiind or Satti ;
41 but the tribe was apparently almost exterminated by the Dhiind at some time of which the date is
42 uncertain, and they are now few and unimportant.
43 The Dhanial (No, 4).- The Dhanial also appear to belong to the group of hUl tribes of the
44 Salt-range Ti-act and of probable Rajput blood which we are now discussing. It is from them
45 that the Dhaui country in the Chakwiil tahsil of Jahlam takes its name ; and there appears still
46 to be a colony of them in those parts, though they are now chiefly found in tlie lower western hills
47 of the Murree range, being separated from tlie Satti by the Ketwal. They claim to be descended
48 from All, son-in-law of the Prophet. They are a fine martial set of men and furnish many
49 recruits for the army, but were always a turbulent set, and most of the serious crime of the
50 surrounding country used to be ascribed to them. Most of them have been returned as Jats.
51 The Bhakral (No. 5) and Budhal. — These are two more members of the same group of tribes,
52 who hold considerable areas in the south-east portion of the Rawalpindi district. Tlie Bhakral are
53 also found in some numbers in Jahlam and Giijrat. I had not taken out separate figures for the
54 Budhal. Of the Rawalpindi Bhakral 5,099 show themselves as I^unwar also, and are included in
55 both figures. The Budhal, like the Dhanial, claim descent from Ali. Both these tribes probably
56 came from the Jammu territory across the Jahlam. They do not approve of widow-marriage.
57 Who the 3,000 odd Bhakral returned for Bahawalpur may be I do not know ; but it is improbable
58 that they should be of the same tribe as those of the Salt-range Tract. Perhaps there has been
59 some confusion of names.
60 The Alpial. — Here again I did not take out separate figures. But I find that 8,685 of ihe Maaj
61 Rajputs of lUwalpindi (see Abstract No. 82, page 250*) are Alpial of the Fatah Jhaiig tahstl. ■
62 The Alpial hold the southern corner of the Fatah Jhang /aiijV of Rawalpindi. They are admit-
63 tedly a Rajput tribe, and their marriage ceremonies still bear traces of their Hindu origin. They
64 seem to have wandered through the Khushab and Talagang country before settling in their
65 present abodes, and if so, probably came up from the south. They are " a bold lawless set of men
66 " of fine physique and much given to violent crime."