1 JAT, RAJPUT, AND ALLIED CASTES. 153
2 The Kharwal. — The Kharwal, for wbom I hare no separate figures, claim to be a Janjiia clan
3 and desccndaiits of Raja Mai, and Mr. Steedman sees no reason to doubt the tradition. They
4 occupy the hills of the eastern half of the Kaliiita tahsU in Rawalpindi, and are " a fine strong
5 " race, decidedly superior to the ordinary Rajputs, and socially bold much the same position as
6 " other Janjuas. " They do not approve of widow-marriage.
7 The Kanial (No. 6). — The Kanial belong, according to Mr. Steedman, to that miscellaneoas
8 body of men who call themselves Rajputs, and hold a large portion of the south-eastern corner of
9 the Rawalpindi district ; and are of much the same class asthe Budhal and Bhakral. They also
10 appear to stretch along the sub-montane as far east as Giijrat.
11 454. The Rajput tribes of the Salt-range.— The Kahut (No. 7) and Mair.— I hare
12 classed the Kahiit as a separate caste under No. 103 of Table VIII A. But they probably belong
13 to the group we are now considering, and I therefore show them in Abstract No. 81 and discuss
14 them here. With them I notice the Mair, for whom I have no separate figui'es ; and with these
15 two are commonly associated the Kasar, who will be described under the head Mughal. These
16 three tribes occupy the Dhani country in tahsil ChakwAl of Jahlam j the Kahuta holding Kahiitani
17 or its southern portion, the Mair the centre, and the Kasar the north. All three state that
18 they came from the Jammu hills, joined Bihar's army, and were located by him in their
19 present abodes which were then almost uninhabited. They seem to have been ever violent and
20 masterful, and to have retained their independence in a singular degi-ee. A graphic description of
21 their character by Mr. Thomson is quoted at length under the head Mughal, to which I must refer
22 the reader. They most probably belong to the group of Rajput or jMa.s»-Rajput tribes who hold
23 the hills on cither bank of the Jahlam, and the Kahuta hills of Rawalpindi now held by the
24 Ketwal and Dhanial, and the town of Kahuta now in the hands of the Janjua, still bear their
25 name. They now belong to the Salt -range and not to the Jahlam hills, but I have put them in the
26 Abstract among the tribes witli whom they are probably connected by origin. They are sometimes
27 said to be Awan, aa indeed are the Dhiind also. Their bards claim for them Mughal origin, and
28 it is quite possible that some of them may have returned themselves a? either Awan or Mughal. Of
29 the 8,766 Kahiit returned from Jahlam, all but 293 have shown Mughal as theu; clan. Besides the
30 Kahiit shown under No. 103, Table VIIIA., 177 Rajputs have returned their tribe as Kahiit. The
31 more respectable Mair call themselves Minhas, probably the same Word as the well-known Manhas
32 tribe presently to be described ; and it may be that the Mair have been returned as Manhas
33 Rajputs.
34 The Jodra and Gheba. — I have no separate figures for these tribes, the only Glieba who have
35 retui'ned themselves as such being apparently 105, of whom 89 are in the Peshawar division.
36 They may have retm'ued themselves as Mughal or some caste other than Rajput, or aa some
37 other Rajput tribe, or as Rdjpiit simply without specifying any tribe. The tradition which
38 makes the Sial, Tiwana, and Gheba descendants of Saino, Teno, and Gheo, the three sous
39 of Rai Shankar Punwar, has already been noticed under the head of Sial. An amended
40 genealogy is given at page 520 of Griffin's Punjab Chiefs. The Sial and Tiwana appear to admit
41 the relationship, and, as already noticed under the head Dluind, it is not at all impossible that this
42 group of Rajpiit tribes may be of Punwar origin. Tlie Gheba are said to have come to the Panjab
43 some time after the Sial and Tiwana, and to have settled in the wild hilly country of Fateh Jliang
44 and Pindi Gheb in Rawalpindi. Here they held their own against the Awaus, Gakkhars, and
45 neighbom-ing tribes till Ranjit Singh subdued them. The Jodra are said to have come from
46 Jammu, or according to another story from Hindustan, whence also Colonel Cracroft says that the
47 Gheba traditions trace that tribe, and to have held tlieir i)resent tract before the Gheba settled
48 alongside of them. They now occui^y the eastern half of the Pindi Gheb, and the Gheba the
49 western half of the Fateh Jhang<aisi7 in Rawalpindi, the two tracts marching with each otiier.
50 I am informed, though unfortunately I cannot remember who was my authority, that the
51 Gheba is really a braucli of the original Jodra tribe that quarrelled with the others, and took the
52 name of Gheba which till then had been simply a title used iu the tribe; and the fact that the
53 town of Pindi Gheb was built and is still held by the Jodra, and not by the Gheba, le- '^ some
54 support to the statement. The history of the Gheba family is told at pages 538 jy" and of the
55 Jodra family at pages 535 //of Sir Lepel Griffin's Punjab Chiefs. Colonel Cracroft describes
56 the Jodra as "fine, spirited fellows who delight iu lield sports, have horses and hawks, are often
57 "brawlers, and are ever ready to turn out and fight out their grievances, formerly with swords,
58 " and now with the more humble weapons of sticks and stones." The same writer says that the
59 Gheba are " a fine, hardy race of men, full of fire and energy, not addicted to crime, though their
60 " readiness to resent insult or injury, real or imagined, or to join in hand-to-hand fights for theii-
61 " rights m land, and their factious with the Jodra and Alpial, are notorious."
62 The Januja (No. 8). — The head-quarters of the Jaujiia are the eastern Salt-range, but they
63 are found in small numbers throughout the Multan and Derajat divisions, and in Hushyarpur
64 General Cunningham thinks that they are Aryan, and a branch of the Anuwan, Awan, or sons of
65 Anu, and connects Janj the first syllable of their name, and Chach a tract in Rawalpindi, with the
66 old kings of the Huud on the Indus who are said by Masaudi to have borne the name of Chach
67 or Jaj. Sir Lepel Griffin is inclined to think that they are a branch of the Yadubansi