1 212
2 PANJAB CASTES.
3 DiSTBICT.
4 Mughal tbibes.
5 Chughatta.
6 BarUs.
7 Dehli
8 Aniritsar
9 Sialkot
10 Rawalpindi ...
11 Jahlam
12 Giijrat
13 Shahpur
14 Multan
15 Jhang
16 Hazara
17 Bahawalpur...
18 1,618
19 1,140
20 1^613
21 2,735
22 590
23 1,143
24 3,083
25 2,471
26 1,014
27 1,488
28 'i!554
29 1,661
30 2,304
31 3,033
32 179
33 34
34 4
35 141
36 while in the eight districts just specified no fewer than 2,724 other members
37 of •il separate castes, for the most part of low standing, have been detected
38 among the Mughals by a rough examination of the detailed clan tables,
39 and this is doubtless only a specimen of what has taken place on a very ex-
40 tensive scale. Major Wace is of opinion that recent Jat converts to Mahomed-
41 anism often take the title of INIughal. On the other hand no fewer than
42 2,510 persons have returned them-
43 selves as Pathiin by caste and
44 Mughal by trilje, of whom 1,169
45 avein the Peshawar district, 746
46 in the Derajat, and 401 in Ra-
47 walpindi and Jahlam. Further
48 light will doubtless be thrown
49 upon the composition of the
50 so-called Mughals when the de-
51 tailed tables ai'e published. Of
52 the tnie Mughal tribes, only the
53 Chughatta and the Barlas seem
54 to be numerously represented in
55 the Panjab, the former number-
56 ing 23,593 and the latter 12,137. Men so returned are probably
57 true Mughals. Their numbers for the districts in which they are shown as
58 numerous are given in the margin. Besides these 1,543 of the Rawalpindi
59 Mughals return themselves as Gakkhar and 3,861 as Kayani, the latter also
60 of which names perhaps refer to the Gakkhars, who sometimes claim to be
61 Kayani.' In 1864, Colonel Cracroft gave the number of time Mughals in
62 the Raw^alpindi district at 2,767 souls. At last Census there were
63 8,205.
64 508. The Kasars Ol Jahlam. — The Gakldiars, Sainis, and other castes
65 mentioned above are described in their proper places. But the Kasars of
66 Jahlam have apparently returned themselves in a body as ^Mughals, for no
67 fewer than 8,527 of the Jahlam Mughals show Kasar as their clan. These
68 Kasars occupy the north of the Dhani country about Bubial and Chaupeda.
69 They say that their old home was in JammU; and that they joined the armies
70 of Babar and so obtained possession of their territory which was then almost
71 uninhabited. Their present claim to ^lughal origin is evidently suggested by
72 their association with the ^lughal power, and is apparently a new idea ; for
73 up to the time of the Census itself they seem to have enjoyed the rare dis-
74 tinction of being one of the few Salt-range tribes who claimed neither Rajput,
75 Awan, nor JMughal descent. They are described by Mr. Thomson as a pas-
76 sionate and revengeful race, careless of human life, but good cultivators though
77 somewhat exacting landlords. " Envy is their most odious quality ; every
78 " family is distracted with mean jealousies wich are sometimes prosecuted with
79 " astonishing rancour, and not unseldom degenerate into criminal greed. It
80 " is fair to add that then* vices seem to be gradually losing strength. Many
81 ' 1 have not been able to obtain satisfactory inforniiition regarding this word. The city of
82 Kayau was the capital of Kai Kayiis, Kai Kubad, and Kai Kbasru ; and some say that the Gakkhars
83 call themselves Kayani because they claim descent from tbe^e three Kings. Others say tljat tne
84 Mughals proper, and especially the Chiigbattas and Qizilb;ishes, are Kaytinis; and tliat the
85 Gakkhars call theuiBelves Kanani or Canaanites because tliey claim descent from Jacob and Joseph
86 who lived in Canaan ; and that it is this word which has been misread Kayani.