1 BILOCH, PATHAN, AND ALLIED RACES. 77
2 weakened by feuds with the Sur, out of their country into Hindustan. In
3 this quarrel the Daulat Khel were assisted by the Gandiipur, a Saiyad tribe
4 of Ushtarani stocic (see next paragraph) ; and the latter were settled by them
5 at Rori and gradually spread over their present country.
6 400. The Shirani Afghans had been settled from of old in the
7 mountains about the Takht-i-Suleiuiiu. They are by descent Sarbani Afghans ;
8 but their ancestor, having quarrelled with his brothers, left them and joined
9 the Kakar from whom his mother had come ; and his descendants are now
10 classed as Ghurghushti and not as Sarbani. xibout the time that the Lohani
11 carae into the dlstriL-t, the B;iKar, a Shirani tribe, descended from the hills into
12 the plains below and su.bju<iated the Jat and Biloch population. Finally,
13 aliout a century ago, the Ushtarani proper, a Saiy.ad trilje affiliated to the
14 Shirani Afghans, having quarrelled with the ilusa Khel, acquire! a good deal
15 of the plain coirntry below the hills at the foot of which they still live,
16 subjugating the Biloch inhabitants and encroaching northwards upon the
17 Babar. These are the most recently located of the trans-Indus tribes of Derah
18 Ismail Khiin. Thus the Pathans hold a broad strip of the Irans-Indus portion
19 of the district running northwards from the border of the Khetnin and Qasrani
20 Biloches (see section 383) along the foot of the hills and including the western
21 half of the plain country between them and the Indus, and turning eastwards
22 below the Salt-range to the river. They also hold the trans-Indus Salt-range,
23 and the Sulcmans as far south as the Biloch border. But while in the extreme
24 northern portion of tlie tract the ]opulation is almost cx(dasively Pathiin, the
25 proportion lessens southwards, the Pathans holding only the superior property
26 in the land, which is cultivated by a subject population of Jat and Biloch.
27 Beyond the Indus the Baluch who hold the north of the Bhakkar thai are
28 the only Pathan tribe of importance. Their head-quarters are at Paniala in
29 the trans-Indus Salt-range, and they seem to have spread across the river lielow
30 Mianwali, and then to have turned southwards down the left bank. Although
31 living at a distance from the frontier, they still talk Pashto and are fairly pure
32 Pathans. The other Pathans of the Khasor hill.-;, though trans-Indus, are, like
33 all the cis-Indus Pathans, so much intermixed with Jats as to have forgotten
34 their native tongue. The ]Mian Khel and Gandapur were deprived of many
35 of their eastern villages in the beginning of this ceniurv by Nawab Muham-
36 mad Khan Saddozai, Governor of Leiah.
37 401. The Pathan tribes of Derah Ismail Khan continued. —I u>\v proceca to give a brief
38 Jescriiitiou ul ilie vai'iinK trilioi licgiimin;;' irom tlie soutli : —
39 The Dshtarani. — Tlie Ushtiuani pruper are tbe ilescesulant-* of Hannar, one of tlie sons of
40 Ustaryani, a t^aivad who Sfttleil among anil niarri. il into llie Sliiraiii section of Afglians, and w'lose
41 progeny are sliewn in tlie margin. Tliey were settled with tlie Sliiranis to the south of the
42 Takht i-Sulenian, and till abont a century
43 ago tbev wer<? \\-holly pastoral and /ja^yiK-
44 fHannar Us. tarani dah. But a quarrel with their neighbours
45 I ,\markliel ^ *'"* Miiia Khel put a stop to their annual
46 Ustarvani .. -1 (i mdaiiur /,. ,, ' westward migration, and they were
47 Marcrc ^^ M.andapur. forced to take to agriculture. Their
48 I gheklii ) dcLiccut into the plains has been described
49 I in section 400. They still own a large
50 ' tract of hill country, in whiili indeed
51 most of them live, cultivating land im-
52 mediati'ly under the hills and pasturing their flock; beyond the border. Their territory only
53 includes the eastern slopes of the Sulenians, the crest of the range being held by the JIusa Klitl
54 and Zuiari. They are divided into two main clans, the Ahmadzai or Amazai and the Gagalzai, and
55 these again into numerous septs. They are a fine marly race, many of them are in our army and
56 police, and they are quiet and well behaved, cultivating largely with their own hand--. A few of
57 them are still pawindahs. They are much harassed by the independent Bozd.ar (Biloch). They